Title: Luxurious Matignon/Saint Honoré apartment Reviews, Deals & Photos 2026 - Expedia.co.uk [See all properties](http://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?regionId=&selected=99711603&adults=2&children=&sort=RECOMMENDED&useRewards=false&semdtl=&userIntent=&vip=false) Entire apartment # Luxurious Matignon/Saint Honoré apartment ## Photo gallery for Luxurious Matignon/Saint Honoré apartment ![Exterior - Luxurious Matignon/Saint Honoré apartment (Paris)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/100000000/99720000/99711700/99711603/3ae4c5c8.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=598&ra=fit) ![3 bedrooms, iron/ironing board, free WiFi, bed sheets - Luxurious Matignon/Saint Honoré apartment (Paris)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/100000000/99720000/99711700/99711603/adba2f4c.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) ![Smart TV, offices - Luxurious Matignon/Saint Honoré apartment (Paris)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/100000000/99720000/99711700/99711603/51293602.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) ![Fridge, microwave, oven, stovetop - Luxurious Matignon/Saint Honoré apartment (Paris)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/100000000/99720000/99711700/99711603/a21af7e0.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) ![Smart TV, offices - Luxurious Matignon/Saint Honoré apartment (Paris)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/100000000/99720000/99711700/99711603/13bf22d8.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) - Overview - Location - Amenities - Policies Close to Champs-Élysées and Palais Garnier, Luxurious Matignon/Saint Honoré apartment provides amenities such as laundry facilities. Guests can connect to free in-room WiFi. ## Reviews 6.0 ### Entire apartment 3 bedrooms4 bathroomsSleeps 81292 sq ft ## Popular amenities - Kitchen - Washing machine - Dryer - Free Wi-Fi - Air-conditioning ## Add dates for prices Check-in Check-out Travellers ## About this property ### Entire place You'll have the entire apartment to yourself and will only share it with other guests in your party. ### Luxurious Matignon/Saint Honoré apartment Summary: Luxury Apartment Avenue Percier - Paris Welcome to our sumptuous flat on Avenue Percier in Paris, a 120m² jewel that has been completely renovated to a high standard and air-conditioned for absolute comfort. Nestled on the first floor of a stone building with no lift, this elegant space comprises three bedrooms, three bathrooms, two separate toilets, a spacious living room, a dining area and a fully equipped open-plan kitchen. The Space: Characteristics of the apartment: Haussmanian building, high ceilings, completely new apartment since 09/08/2023 Generous Space: With its 120m², this apartment offers a luxurious space where you can relax and feel at home as soon as you arrive. Refined Rooms: Three elegantly appointed rooms await you, each offering total privacy and equipped with all the necessary comforts. Luxury Bathrooms: You will find three high-end bathrooms for your comfort, as well as two independent toilets for your convenience. Friendly Living Room: The spacious living room is the ideal place to relax and enjoy an evening with friends or family. Dining Area: The apartment also includes a dining area with a large table and chairs for sharing convivial meals. Chef's kitchen: The open kitchen is fully equipped with a hob, oven, microwave, fridge, Nespresso coffee maker, kettle and washer-dryer. Air conditioning: Enjoy maximum comfort thanks to the air conditioning which will allow you to regulate the temperature to your liking. The cleaning fee includes clean linens and towels for each guest, and cleaning is done by a professional to ensure a spotless space when you arrive. Guest Access: Travelers have access to the entire apartment The Neighborhood: The apartment is located on elegant Avenue Percier, in the heart of the City of Lights. You will be surrounded by luxury boutiques, gourmet restaurants and iconic sites, such as the Arc de Triomphe and the Champs-Élysées, which are just steps away. Rue du Faubourg Saint Honorée: A 5-minute walk away, you are very close to Matignon Champs-Élysées: A 10-minute walk, Stroll along the Champs-Élysées, one of the most famous avenues in the world, where you will find designer boutiques, elegant cafes and cinemas. Avenue Montaigne: 10 minutes on foot, the most luxurious avenue in Paris where the largest houses are located Arc de Triomphe: 12 minutes on foot Explore the Arc de Triomphe, an iconic symbol of Paris, and enjoy breathtaking panoramic views from its summit. Cultural Space: The neighborhood is also rich in culture, with museums, theaters and art galleries nearby. Getting Around: Metro : Miromesnil line 9 et 13 Other Things to Note: ADDITIONAL Services (optional) • Baby bed: Price - 60€ This booking is protected with coverage for lost baggage and emergency medical expenses, provided by Swift Travel Cover with claim up to 750 Euros (T&C Applies). Full details available at booking. Interaction with Guests: Studio Prestige is delighted to welcome you Our team can be reached every day from 9am to 11pm We will be happy to answer all your questions before and throughout your stay We look forward to welcoming you ## Property amenities ### Internet - Available in the apartment: Free WiFi ### Kitchen - Coffee/tea maker - Cookware, dishware, and utensils - Electric kettle - Hob - Microwave - Oven - Refrigerator - Toaster ### Dining - Dining table ### Bedrooms - 3 bedrooms - Bedsheets provided - Sofa bed ### Bathroom - 3.5 bathrooms - Hair dryer - Shampoo - Shower ### Living spaces - Dining table ### Entertainment - Smart TV ### Laundry - Laundry facilities - Washing machine ### Work spaces - Office ### Comfort - Air conditioning - Heating ### Pets - No pets allowed ### Suitability/Accessibility - Smoke-free property ### Services and conveniences - Iron/ironing board - Limited housekeeping ### Location highlights - In the city centre ### Safety features - Carbon monoxide detector (host has indicated there is a carbon monoxide detector on the property) - Smoke detector (host has indicated there is a smoke detector on the property) ### General - Unit size: 1,292 square feet ## Similar properties ![Front of property](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/122000000/121870000/121869500/121869488/b4e68042.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Merveil Family Suite - Mollien 8th Arrondissement - Kitchen - Washing machine - Dryer - Free Wi-Fi £658 includes taxes & fees 5 Mar - 6 Mar [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-05&endDate=2026-03-06&selected=121869488&PinnedHotelID=121869488&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Apartment | Dining](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/112000000/111270000/111265100/111265004/a7c42a0b.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Apartment Matignon St Honore by Studio Prestige 8th Arrondissement - Washing machine - Dryer - Parking included - Air-conditioning [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-13&endDate=2026-03-14&selected=111265004&PinnedHotelID=111265004&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Exterior](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/123000000/122800000/122792200/122792136/65566651.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Luxurious Matignon/Saint Honoré apartment 8th Arrondissement - Kitchen - Washing machine - Dryer - Air-conditioning 10 Exceptional 14 reviews [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-13&endDate=2026-03-14&selected=122792136&PinnedHotelID=122792136&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Apartment | Exterior](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/112000000/111280000/111279100/111279046/e92e311b.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Luxurious Matignon/saint Honore Apartment 8th Arrondissement - Washing machine - Dryer - Parking included - Air-conditioning £857 additional charges may apply 8 Mar - 9 Mar [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-08&endDate=2026-03-09&selected=111279046&PinnedHotelID=111279046&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Apartment | Living area](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/121000000/120140000/120131300/120131215/1dcc4c7e.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Superb AC Apartment Roosevelt Saint Honore 8th Arrondissement - Parking included - Air-conditioning [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-13&endDate=2026-03-14&selected=120131215&PinnedHotelID=120131215&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Comfort Apartment, City View | Free WiFi](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/122000000/121430000/121421300/121421271/923ec788.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Paris Center Colisée residence 8th Arrondissement - Free Wi-Fi - City view [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-13&endDate=2026-03-14&selected=121421271&PinnedHotelID=121421271&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Dining](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/124000000/123020000/123016800/123016718/b0445ea9.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Apartment Matignon St Honore by Studio Prestige 8th Arrondissement - Kitchen - Washing machine - Dryer - Air-conditioning 9.8 Exceptional 11 reviews [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-13&endDate=2026-03-14&selected=123016718&PinnedHotelID=123016718&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Banquet hall](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/114000000/113560000/113551300/113551227/11c52b13_edited_cb72.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### The Gentleman - Design & Luminous - Business Trip 8th Arrondissement - Kitchen - Washing machine - Dryer - Microwave [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-13&endDate=2026-03-14&selected=113551227&PinnedHotelID=113551227&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Private kitchen](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/105000000/104160000/104155600/104155581/18194889.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Miromesnil : Modern and Sunny 4 Persons Flat 8th Arrondissement - Washing machine - Dryer [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-13&endDate=2026-03-14&selected=104155581&PinnedHotelID=104155581&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Iron/ironing board, WiFi, bed sheets](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/114000000/113090000/113088400/113088323/07319f7b.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Blueground | Miromesnil, nr Parc Monceau 8th Arrondissement - Kitchen - Washing machine - Microwave - Living/dining area [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-13&endDate=2026-03-14&selected=113088323&PinnedHotelID=113088323&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [Compare similar properties](/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-13&endDate=2026-03-14&selected=99711603&PinnedHotelID=99711603&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2&comparePropertyIds=99711603,121869488,111265004,122792136,111279046) ## Policies ### Check-in Check-in time starts at 4:00 PM Minimum check-in age - 18 ### Check-out Check-out before 10:00 AM ### Special check-in instructions You will receive an email from the host with check-in and check-out instructions Information provided by the property may be translated using automated translation tools ### Rules 1\. Check-in schedule: From 01/01 to 31/12: Everyday from 16:00h to 19:00h 2\. Check-out schedule: 10:00. ### Pets Pets not allowed ### Children and extra beds Children are welcome ### Events No events allowed ### Smoking Smoking is not permitted ## Important information ### You need to know This property is managed by a professional host. The provision of housing is linked to their trade, business or profession. Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on property policy Government-issued photo identification and a credit card, debit card or cash deposit may be required at check-in for incidental charges Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges; special requests cannot be guaranteed This property accepts cash On-site parties or group events are strictly prohibited Host has indicated that there is a carbon monoxide detector on the property Host has indicated that there is a smoke detector on the property This property is managed through our partner, Vrbo. You will receive an email from Vrbo with a link to a Vrbo account, where you can change or cancel your reservation Property Registration Number 7510810005416 If you cancel your booking, you'll be subject to the host's cancellation policy. In accordance with UK consumer law, property booking services are not subject to the right of withdrawal. ### We should mention Cash transactions at this property cannot exceed EUR 1000, due to national regulations; for further details, please contact the property using the information in the booking confirmation ### Property is also known as 666182546c3f060031959075 ## About the area Located in Paris, this apartment is in the city centre. Palais Garnier and Louvre Museum are cultural highlights, and some of the area's popular attractions include Luxembourg Gardens and Tuileries Garden. Looking to enjoy an event or a game? See what's going on at Stade de France or Bercy Arena. [Visit our Paris travel guide](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Paris.dx179898) [View more Apartments in Paris](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Paris-Apartments.d179898-aaApartments.Travel-Guide-Accommodation) ![Map](https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?&size=660x330&map_id=3b266eb50d2997c6&zoom=13&markers=icon:https%3A%2F%2Fa.travel-assets.com%2Ftravel-assets-manager%2Feg-maps%2Fproperty.png%7C48.87445%2C2.31460&channel=expedia-HotelInformation&maptype=roadmap&scale=1&key=AIzaSyCYjQus5kCufOpSj932jFoR_AJiL9yiwOw&signature=6OeNLZU3owFuTU9xU7vjUCZEYcU=) Paris, Île-de-France ### What's nearby - ![Paris, beautiful buildings in the center, typical parisian facades boulevard de Villiers ](https://images.trvl-media.com/place/6199990/e4c8feef-61fa-4331-8881-337a25a491c8.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=115.61&rh=65.03&ra=fit&q=high) Boulevard Haussmann 1 min walk \- 0.1 miles - ![8th Arrondissement showing shopping and fashion](https://images.trvl-media.com/place/6187876/197b149d-fe18-4dfc-b0d9-e4f10359d454.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=115.61&rh=65.03&ra=fit&q=high) Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honore 3 min walk \- 0.2 miles - ![Paris. Champs Elysees](https://images.trvl-media.com/place/6148556/3791b538-9f71-4918-9c94-2b337979a697.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=115.61&rh=65.03&ra=fit&q=high) Champs-Élysées 10 min walk \- 0.6 miles - ![rue de rivoli](https://images.trvl-media.com/place/6161590/414e34a0-4338-4e35-88d5-9b987dd49d3d.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=115.61&rh=65.03&ra=fit&q=high) Rue de Rivoli 12 min walk \- 0.7 miles - ![Palais Garnier which includes heritage architecture and heritage elements](https://images.trvl-media.com/place/502232/62583305-d75f-4e11-a8b3-dec5043241ce.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=115.61&rh=65.03&ra=fit&q=high) Palais Garnier 15 min walk \- 0.8 miles ### Getting around - Miromesnil Station 1 min walk - Paris-St-Lazare Station 12 min walk - Orly Airport (ORY) 37 min drive ### Restaurants - Em Sherif 2 min walk - Kalamata 2 min walk - Le Percier 1 min walk - Cojean 2 min walk - Pret A Manger 1 min walk ## Frequently asked questions ### Is Luxurious Matignon/Saint Honoré apartment pet-friendly? ### What time is check-in at Luxurious Matignon/Saint Honoré apartment? ### What time is check-out at Luxurious Matignon/Saint Honoré apartment? ### Where is Luxurious Matignon/Saint Honoré apartment located? ## Have a question? Beta Get instant answers with AI powered search of property information and reviews. Ask a question ## Luxurious Matignon/Saint Honoré apartment Reviews ## Reviews All reviews shown are from real guest experiences. Only travellers who have booked a stay with us can submit a review. We verify reviews according to our guidelines and publish all reviews, positive or negative. [More information](https://www.expedia.co.uk/lp/b/content-guidelines) 10 - Excellent 1 8 - Good 0 6 - Okay 0 4 - Poor 0 2 - Terrible 1 ### 6.0 Cleanliness ### 10 Location ### 2.0 Property conditions & facilities ## Reviews ### 10/10 Excellent #### B B. 23 Aug 2024 Liked: Cleanliness, check-in, communication, location, listing accuracy #### Parisian Perfection The apartment was located on a quiet street with all the Paris neighborhood amenities you can imagine (cafe, brasserie, pharmacy, small grocery store, Monoprix, etc.) within a block or two walk. The metro station was across the street for easy access. The apartment was as lovely as the listing’s pictures & was located on the first floor with very few stairs to climb. We enjoyed super air conditioning, on demand hot water, adequate wi-fi, an easy to use washer/dryer combo machine, a hair dryer, Nespresso coffee maker & an electric tea kettle. Plenty of bathroom towels were provided for the five of us ladies along with heated towel racks in each of the 3 shower rooms. The apartment was quiet inside with minimal street and other tenants noise detected. The decor was modern with newly renovated features. We had plenty of closet space with included hangers and drawers. We had five ladies from ages 32-72 and we were all very happy. Communication with the property management was top notch. They communicated all the necessary information for check-in several times in advance and answered all our questions quickly & politely. The check-in information was the most thorough package I have ever received & included video instructions for retrieving the keys for getting in the apartment, using the appliances & the air conditioning. In audition to that, they offered an airport shuttle service, luggage storage at their office & optional cleaning service for longer stays. ##### B B. Stayed 4 nights in Aug 2024 ### 2/10 Terrible #### Dinorah 26 Apr 2025 Disliked: Cleanliness, amenities, property conditions & facilities, communication Upon arrival, no one greeted us. They gave us a video with instructions. The internet didn't work. The internet box was packed and we had to connect it. The sink in one bedroom was clogged. I found a hair in the sink. The pillows were very thin and there were no spares. They gave us only one TV remote for a 7-person, 3-bedroom apartment with 4 TVs, but only one remote. They gave us one soap and one 30ml shampoo for 4 nights per room. The website says there are 4 bathrooms, but there are 3 showers and 2 toilets, which is very inconvenient for 3 couples. I called the representative to inform them that they could correct these points or return our money, so we could look for a hotel with 24-hour service. His response was a day before my departure with these words: Hello Dinorah just saw your message did someone come to the apartment to fix issues? ![Internet sin instalar](https://a.travel-assets.com/ugc/hotel-reviews/c2adcf76-3da9-4e41-9ab8-a484f822cdfe-1745710714287.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=204&ra=fit&q=high) ![](https://a.travel-assets.com/ugc/hotel-reviews/11286b71-a463-4792-ae92-5d158b9d8734-1745710714394.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=204&ra=fit&q=high) ##### Dinorah Stayed 4 nights in Apr 2025 ## Expedia's Latest Trends ### Hotels > [Ibis Paris Montmartre Sacré-Coeur](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Paris-Hotels-Ibis-Paris-Montmartre-Sacre-Coeur.h10680.Hotel-Information) > > [Hôtel Fior d’Aliza](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Paris-Hotels-Hotel-Bloum.h63906.Hotel-Information) > > [Grand Hotel Lafayette](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Paris-Hotels-Hotel-Eugene-En-Ville.h1062937.Hotel-Information) > > [The Originals Boutique, Hôtel Maison Montmartre Paris Les Puces](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Paris-Hotels-The-Originals-Boutique.h22833616.Hotel-Information) > > [Hotel Belfast](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Paris-Hotels-Hotel-Belfast.h1385663.Hotel-Information) > > [Hôtel Fouquet's Paris](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Paris-Hotels-Hotel-Barriere-Le-Fouquets-Paris.h19460.Hotel-Information) > > [The People - Paris Nation - Hostel](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Paris-Hotels-Les-Piaules-Nation.h63487959.Hotel-Information) > > [Le Meurice - Dorchester Collection](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Paris-Hotels-Le-Meurice-Dorchester-Collection.h441665.Hotel-Information) > > [Hôtel Beige](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Paris-Hotels-Hotel-Beige.h1489.Hotel-Information) > > [Reims Hotel](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Paris-Hotels-Reims-Hotel.h4279379.Hotel-Information) > > [HÔTEL ESTÉ](https://www.expedia.co.uk/HOTEL-ESTE.h90741595.Hotel-Information) > > [Simon's Boutique Hotel](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Paris-Hotels-Simons-Boutique-Hotel.h39815044.Hotel-Information) > > [Citadines Saint-Germain-des-Prés Paris](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Paris-Hotels-Citadines-Aparthotel-Saint-Germain-Des-Pres-Paris.h374356.Hotel-Information) > > [Saint James Paris - Relais & Chateaux](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Paris-Hotels-Saint-James-Paris-Relais-Chateaux.h10369462.Hotel-Information) > > [Le Petit Beaumarchais Hotel & Spa](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Paris-Hotels-Le-Petit-Beaumarchais-Hotel-Spa.h1273946.Hotel-Information) > > [Le Jardin De Verre by Locke](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Paris-Hotels-LE-Jardin-DE-Verre-BY-Locke.h106641800.Hotel-Information) > > [Hotel Grand Coeur Latin](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Paris-Hotels-Hotel-Excelsior-Latin.h15731073.Hotel-Information) > > [The Peninsula Paris](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Paris-Hotels-The-Peninsula-Paris.h8290864.Hotel-Information) > > [Hotel Apollinaire](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Paris-Hotels-Hotel-Apollinaire.h526642.Hotel-Information) > > [Hotel St Pétersbourg Opéra & Spa](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Paris-Hotels-Hotel-Saint-Petersbourg-Opera-Spa.h6713.Hotel-Information) > > [Makom Pereire](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Paris-Hotels-Residence-Makom-Pereire.h874616.Hotel-Information) > > [OKKO Hotels Paris Gare de l'Est](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Paris-Hotels-OKKO-Hotels-Paris-Gare-De-LEst.h34366332.Hotel-Information) > > [Hôtel du Louvre, in The Unbound Collection by Hyatt](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Paris-Hotels-Hotel-Du-Louvre.h21803.Hotel-Information) > > [Mandarin Oriental Lutetia, Paris](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Paris-Hotels-Hotel-Lutetia.h21442501.Hotel-Information) > > [Hôtel Orphée - Orso hotel](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Paris-Hotels-Hotel-Orphee-Orso-Hotel.h2543225.Hotel-Information) > > [Hôtel Plaza Athénée - Dorchester Collection](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Paris-Hotels-Hotel-Plaza-Athenee-Dorchester-Collection.h27528.Hotel-Information) > > [Shangri-La Paris](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Paris-Hotels-Shangri-La-Paris.h4028607.Hotel-Information) > > [Avalon Cosy Hotel Paris Gare du Nord](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Paris-Hotels-Avalon-Cosy-Hotel-Paris-Gare-Du-Nord.h70983647.Hotel-Information) > > [ELSA, Hôtel Paris](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Paris-Hotels-Hotel-Astrid.h522512.Hotel-Information) ---