Title: Haus Sonnheim Reviews, Deals & Photos 2026 - Expedia.co.uk [See all properties](http://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?regionId=&adults=2&children=&sort=RECOMMENDED&useRewards=false&semdtl=&userIntent=&vip=false) Entire apartment # Haus Sonnheim Apartment with kitchen, steps from Zermatt-Matterhorn Ski Paradise ## Photo gallery for Haus Sonnheim ![Apartment, 2 Bedrooms | Terrace/patio - Haus Sonnheim (Zermatt)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/5000000/4140000/4134000/4133906/4f3083bf.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=598&ra=fit) ![Apartment, 2 Bedrooms | Living area | 50-inch flat-screen TV with digital channels, TV - Haus Sonnheim (Zermatt)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/5000000/4140000/4134000/4133906/9b4b6b5d.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) ![Apartment, 2 Bedrooms | Balcony view - Haus Sonnheim (Zermatt)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/5000000/4140000/4134000/4133906/1edc5066.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) ![Apartment, 2 Bedrooms | Living area | 50-inch flat-screen TV with digital channels, TV - Haus Sonnheim (Zermatt)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/5000000/4140000/4134000/4133906/a2be42ca.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) ![Apartment, 2 Bedrooms | 3 bedrooms, desk, laptop workspace, soundproofing - Haus Sonnheim (Zermatt)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/5000000/4140000/4134000/4133906/921f22c4.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) - Overview - Location - Amenities - Policies A short walk from Zermatt-Matterhorn Ski Paradise, Haus Sonnheim provides amenities such as a terrace. Stay connected with free in-room WiFi. ## Reviews 10 Exceptional ### Entire apartment 3 bedrooms2 bathroomsSleeps 51076 sq ft ## Popular amenities - Kitchen - Free Wi-Fi - Outdoor space - Mountain view ## Add dates for prices Check-in Check-out Travellers ## About this property ### Entire place You'll have the entire apartment to yourself and will only share it with other guests in your party. ### Haus Sonnheim Apartment with kitchen, steps from Zermatt-Matterhorn Ski Paradise Along with express check-in, this smoke-free apartment building has express check-out and free Wi-Fi in public areas. Other amenities include multilingual staff assistance. The apartment has 3 bedrooms and offers free WiFi and a balcony. Guests can enjoy a deep soaking tub, and other amenities include a kitchen with a fridge and an oven. Housekeeping is not available. Guest accommodation at this apartment offers coffee/tea makers and complimentary bathrobes. Rooms open to balconies. Accommodation at this 3-star apartment has kitchens with full-sized fridge/freezers, stovetops, microwaves and separate dining areas. Bathrooms include baths or showers with a deep soaking bath, complimentary toiletries and hairdryers. Guests can surf the web using complimentary wireless Internet access. 50-inch flat-screen televisions come with digital channels. The recreational activities listed below are available either on-site or nearby; fees may apply. ## Property amenities ### Ski - Cross-country skiing nearby - Downhill skiing nearby - Ski area nearby - Ski lifts nearby - Ski runs nearby - Ski shuttle nearby - Ski storage - Snowboarding nearby ### Internet - Available in the apartment: Free WiFi ### Parking and transport - No on-site parking available - Ski shuttle nearby ### Family friendly - Free cot - Travel cot ### Kitchen - Cleaning supplies - Coffee/tea maker - Cookware, dishware, and utensils - Dishwasher - Electric kettle - Full-sized refrigerator/freezer - Hob - Microwave - Oven - Toaster ### Bedrooms - 3 bedrooms - Bedsheets provided - Rollaway/extra bed: CHF 100 per stay ### Bathroom - 2 private bathrooms - Bathtub or shower - Deep soaking bathtub - Dressing gowns - Free toiletries - Hair dryer - Shampoo - Soap - Toilet paper - Towels provided ### Living spaces - Living room - Separate dining area ### Entertainment - 50-inch flat-screen TV with digital channels - Games ### Outdoor areas - Balcony - Terrace ### Work spaces - Laptop workspace ### Comfort - Heating ### Pets - No pets allowed ### Suitability/Accessibility - Lift - Smoke-free property ### Services and conveniences - Local maps - Multilingual staff - No housekeeping service ### Things to do - Ski storage - Hiking/biking trails nearby ### Safety features - Carbon monoxide detector not reported (host has not indicated whether there is a carbon monoxide detector on the property; consider bringing a portable detector) - Smoke detector not reported (host has not indicated whether there is a smoke detector on the property) ### General - 1 building - Built in 1980 - Soundproofing ## Similar properties ![Apartment, 3 Bedrooms (Penthouse) | Balcony view](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/40000000/39890000/39887800/39887776/7e3ede27.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Chalet Altesse Serviced Apartments Zermatt - Free Wi-Fi - Laundry room - Outdoor space - Housekeeping [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-05&endDate=2026-02-06&selected=39887776&PinnedHotelID=39887776&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Restaurant](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/8000000/7720000/7716800/7716780/a0654248.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Alpenblick Zermatt - Breakfast included - Pet-friendly - Free Wi-Fi - Gym 9.2 Wonderful 561 reviews £191 includes taxes & fees 26 Jan - 27 Jan [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-01-26&endDate=2026-01-27&selected=7716780&PinnedHotelID=7716780&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Twin Room | View from room](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/103000000/102600000/102599500/102599498/0ea02661.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Hotel Porta Cervino Taesch - Pet-friendly - Free Wi-Fi - Restaurant - Breakfast available 9.8 Exceptional 159 reviews £147 includes taxes & fees 1 Feb - 2 Feb [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-01&endDate=2026-02-02&selected=102599498&PinnedHotelID=102599498&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Exterior](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/18000000/17460000/17455300/17455207/60b8eb04.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Eigerblick Grindelwald - Pet-friendly - Free Wi-Fi - Breakfast available - Business services 8.2 Very good 57 reviews £145 includes taxes & fees 4 Feb - 5 Feb [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-04&endDate=2026-02-05&selected=17455207&PinnedHotelID=17455207&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Deluxe Double Room, 2 Single Beds, Mountain View | View from room](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/7000000/6470000/6466600/6466568/43ebcdd1.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Swiss Alpine Hotel Allalin Zermatt - Breakfast included - Spa - Free Wi-Fi - Gym 9.6 Exceptional 302 reviews £425 includes taxes & fees 29 Jan - 30 Jan [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-01-29&endDate=2026-01-30&selected=6466568&PinnedHotelID=6466568&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Exterior detail](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/1000000/990000/981800/981748/f6591e51.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Hotel Gletschergarten Grindelwald - Breakfast included - Spa - Pet-friendly - Parking included 9.6 Exceptional 357 reviews £219 includes taxes & fees 1 Feb - 2 Feb [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-01&endDate=2026-02-02&selected=981748&PinnedHotelID=981748&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Restaurant](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/3000000/2850000/2840600/2840541/7089d3af.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### CERVO Mountain Resort Zermatt - Pool - Breakfast included - Spa - Pet-friendly 9.8 Exceptional 134 reviews £1,041 includes taxes & fees 10 Feb - 11 Feb [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-10&endDate=2026-02-11&selected=2840541&PinnedHotelID=2840541&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Exterior](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/2000000/1740000/1733400/1733323/6d21498d.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Alpinhotel Bort Grindelwald - Breakfast included - Pet-friendly - Free Wi-Fi - Restaurant 9.4 Exceptional 183 reviews [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-05&endDate=2026-02-06&selected=1733323&PinnedHotelID=1733323&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Exterior](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/5000000/4950000/4944700/4944603/12cc0fd2.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Residence Hotel & Apartments Grindelwald - Pet-friendly - Parking included - Free Wi-Fi - Bar 8.4 Very good 292 reviews £232 includes taxes & fees 29 Jan - 30 Jan [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-01-29&endDate=2026-01-30&selected=4944603&PinnedHotelID=4944603&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Front of property](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/13000000/12550000/12540600/12540558/a5a45154.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Hotel Caprice Grindelwald - Breakfast included - Spa - Pet-friendly - Free Wi-Fi 9.0 Wonderful 200 reviews £231 includes taxes & fees 29 Jan - 30 Jan [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-01-29&endDate=2026-01-30&selected=12540558&PinnedHotelID=12540558&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ## Policies ### Check-in Check-in start time: 5:00 PM; check-in end time: midnight Early check-in subject to availability Early check-in fee: CHF 50 Contactless check-in and check-out are available Express check-in available Minimum check-in age - 18 ### Check-out Check-out before 10 AM Contactless check-out Late check-out subject to availability Late check-out fee: CHF 50 Express check-out available ### Special check-in instructions There is no front desk at this property Guests will receive an email with check-in instructions and key retrieval information prior to arrival; access will be through a private entrance For any questions, please contact the property using the information on the booking confirmation Information provided by the property may be translated using automated translation tools Zermatt is in a car-free zone and can be reached only by train. Guests will receive an email from the property with reservation deposit payment information within 24 hours after booking. ### Access methods Key retrieval, private entrance ### Pets Pets not allowed ### Children and extra beds Children are welcome Rollaway/extra beds are available for CHF 100.0 per stay. Free cots are available on request at the property ### Smoking Smoking is not permitted ### Payment types at the property ## Important information ### Fees You'll be asked to pay the following charges at the property. Fees may include applicable taxes: - A tax is imposed by the city: CHF 4.00 per person, per night for adults; CHF 2.00 per night for guests aged 9-16 years old. This tax does not apply to children under 9 years of age. We have included all charges provided to us by the property. ### Optional extras - Early check-in fee: CHF 50 (subject to availability) - Late check-out fee: CHF 50 (subject to availability) - Rollaway bed fee: CHF 100.0 per stay The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change. ### You need to know This property is managed by a professional host. The provision of housing is linked to their trade, business or profession. Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on property policy Government-issued photo identification and a credit card, debit card or cash deposit may be required at check-in for incidental charges Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges; special requests cannot be guaranteed This property accepts major credit cards; cash is not accepted Host has not indicated whether there is a carbon monoxide detector on the property; consider bringing a portable detector with you on the trip Host has not indicated whether there is a smoke detector on the property This property has outdoor spaces, such as balconies, patios and terraces, which may not be suitable for children; if you have any concerns, we recommend contacting the property prior to your arrival to confirm that they can accommodate you in a suitable room This property is professionally cleaned Please note that cultural norms and guest policies may differ by country and by property; the policies listed are provided by the property If you cancel your booking, you'll be subject to the host's cancellation policy. In accordance with UK consumer law, property booking services are not subject to the right of withdrawal. ### Property is also known as Haus Sonnheim Haus Sonnheim Apartment Haus Sonnheim Apartment Zermatt Haus Sonnheim Zermatt Haus Sonnheim Zermatt Haus Sonnheim Apartment Haus Sonnheim Apartment Zermatt ## About the area Zermatt is home to this apartment. Zermatt-Matterhorn Ski Paradise and Breuil-Cervinia Ski Area are worth checking out if an activity is on the agenda, while those wishing to experience the area's natural beauty can explore Matterhorn. Spend some time exploring the area's activities, including skiing, snowboarding and hiking/biking trails. [Visit our Zermatt travel guide](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Zermatt.dx4300) [View more Apartments in Zermatt](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Zermatt-Apartments.d4300-aaApartments.Travel-Guide-Accommodation) ![Map](https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?&size=660x330&map_id=3b266eb50d2997c6&zoom=13&markers=icon:https%3A%2F%2Fa.travel-assets.com%2Ftravel-assets-manager%2Feg-maps%2Fproperty.png%7C46.01683%2C7.74368&channel=expedia-HotelInformation&maptype=roadmap&scale=1&key=AIzaSyCYjQus5kCufOpSj932jFoR_AJiL9yiwOw&signature=-eZskqrFBFU_Cw9rjBh5jpDMVh0=) Oberdorfstrasse 120, Zermatt, VS, 3920 ### What's nearby - ![This photo is taken from the Riedweg. It's great for sunset and blue hour photos since it allows to frame both the village and the Matterhorn.](https://images.trvl-media.com/place/4300/9f377b52-3957-4a02-bfc7-b112c38ffe80.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=115.61&rh=65.03&ra=fit&q=high) Zermatt-Matterhorn Ski Paradise 1 min walk \- 0.0 miles - ![#Contest #Matterhorn #Zermatt #Switzerland #Suisse#Schweiz #HeavenonEarth #Culture](https://images.trvl-media.com/place/4300/75e47df8-32d9-4257-a27c-f3c2f5e930be.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=115.61&rh=65.03&ra=fit&q=high) Zermatt - Furi 1 min walk \- 0.0 miles - ![#Contest #Matterhorn #Zermatt #Switzerland #Suisse#Schweiz #HeavenonEarth #Culture](https://images.trvl-media.com/place/4300/75e47df8-32d9-4257-a27c-f3c2f5e930be.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=115.61&rh=65.03&ra=fit&q=high) Furi Ski Area 1 min walk \- 0.0 miles - ![#Contest #Matterhorn #Zermatt #Switzerland #Suisse#Schweiz #HeavenonEarth #Culture](https://images.trvl-media.com/place/4300/75e47df8-32d9-4257-a27c-f3c2f5e930be.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=115.61&rh=65.03&ra=fit&q=high) Furi - Riffelberg 1 min walk \- 0.0 miles - Zermatt-Furi Gondola 3 min walk \- 0.2 miles ### Getting around - Zermatt Gornergratbahn Station 11 min walk - Geneva International Airport (GVA) 162 min drive ### Restaurants - Hotel Post Zermatt 7 min walk - Brown Cow Pub 7 min walk - Restaurant du Pont 4 min walk - Old Zermatt 8 min walk - Whymper-Stube 6 min walk ## Frequently asked questions ### Is Haus Sonnheim pet-friendly? ### How much is parking at Haus Sonnheim? ### What time is check-in at Haus Sonnheim? ### What time is check-out at Haus Sonnheim? ### Where is Haus Sonnheim located? ## Have a question? Beta Get instant answers with AI powered search of property information and reviews. Ask a question ## Haus Sonnheim Reviews ## Reviews ### Exceptional All reviews shown are from real guest experiences. Only travellers who have booked a stay with us can submit a review. We verify reviews according to our guidelines and publish all reviews, positive or negative. [More information](https://www.expedia.co.uk/lp/b/content-guidelines) 10 - Excellent 7 8 - Good 0 6 - Okay 0 4 - Poor 0 2 - Terrible 0 ### 9.8 Cleanliness ### 10 Location ### 9.0 Staff & service ### 9.4 Property conditions & facilities ## Reviews ### 10/10 Excellent #### Alejandro 31 Oct 2022 Liked: Cleanliness, amenities, property conditions & facilities, communication Nice property with everything you need plus good location and good quality appliances. I didn’t see the host but the instructions were clear and easy. Nice view to the Matterhorn. I’d like to stay here again for sure. ##### Alejandro Stayed 3 nights in Oct 2022 ### 10/10 Excellent #### Janet 30 Sept 2021 Liked: Cleanliness, room comfort, communication #### Great apartment Great apartment with beautiful views. Had everything we needed ##### Janet Stayed 3 nights in Sep 2021 ### 10/10 Excellent #### Marjukka 10 Aug 2019 Liked: Cleanliness, staff & service, property conditions & facilities, room comfort #### Siisti asunto Matterhorn-näkymällä Aivan loistavalla sijainnilla oleva siisti huoneisto: ikkunasta näkyi Matterhorn. Voin suositella. ##### Marjukka Stayed 5 nights in Aug 2019 ### 10/10 Excellent #### Verified traveller 20 Apr 2018 Liked: Cleanliness, staff & service, property conditions & facilities, room comfort #### Schöne, grosse Wohnung Gut eingerichtetes Appartement, selbst in der Küche fehlt es an nichts. Schöne Sicht aufs Matterhorn von Balkon und Schlafzimmer. Immer wieder! ##### Verified traveller Stayed 3 nights in Apr 2018 ### 10/10 Excellent #### Maude 5 Aug 2024 Liked: Cleanliness, room comfort, communication ##### Maude Stayed 3 nights in Aug 2024 ### 10/10 Excellent #### Alquimedes 13 Jul 2023 ##### Alquimedes Stayed 3 nights in Jul 2023 ### 10/10 Excellent #### Verified traveller 26 Jul 2021 Liked: Cleanliness, room comfort, communication ##### Verified traveller Stayed 3 nights in Jul 2021 ## Expedia's Latest Trends ### Hotels > [La Maison Suisse - Döttingen](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Dottingen-Hotels-La-Maison-Suisse-Dottingen.h84093040.Hotel-Information) > > [SWISSPEAK Resorts Thyon 4 Vallées](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Heremence-Hotels-SWISSPEAK-Resorts-Thyon-4-Vallees.h107090689.Hotel-Information) > > [Sunstar Hotel Grindelwald](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Grindelwald-Hotels-Sunstar-Hotel-Grindelwald.h177581.Hotel-Information) > > [Hotel Conrad](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Scuol-Hotels-Hotel-Conrad.h6434674.Hotel-Information) > > [Schloss Hotel & Spa Pontresina](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Pontresina-Hotels-Hotel-Schloss-Pontresina-Family-Spa.h4164117.Hotel-Information) > > [Mandarin Oriental Palace, Luzern](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Lucerne-Hotels-Palace-Luzern.h18270.Hotel-Information) > > [Grand Resort Bad Ragaz](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Bad-Ragaz-Hotels-Grand-Resort-Bad-Ragaz.h8517.Hotel-Information) > > [Black Summit Boutique Resort Laax](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Laax-Hotels-Black-Summit-Boutique-Resort-Laax.h101980390.Hotel-Information) > > [Hotel Albana Weggis](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Weggis-Hotels-Hotel-Albana-Weggis.h177312.Hotel-Information) > > [HERMITAGE Lake Lucerne - Beach Club & Lifestyle Hotel](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Lucerne-Hotels-Seehotel-Hermitage.h3868.Hotel-Information) > > [HOTEL ENGEL LIESTAL - Business & Lifestyle](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Basel-Hotels-Hotel-Engel-Liestal.h909878.Hotel-Information) > > [Hotel Alpenblick](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Grindelwald-Hotels-Hotel-Alpenblick.h991527.Hotel-Information) > > [Vienna House by Wyndham Zur Bleiche Schaffhausen](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Schaffhausen-Hotels-Vienna-House-Zur-Bleiche-Schaffhausen.h7831178.Hotel-Information) > > [TOP SeminarHotel am Aegerisee Unteraegeri](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Unterageri-Hotels-TOP-SeminarHotel-Am-Aegerisee.h991414.Hotel-Information) > > [Grand Hôtel des Bains de Lavey](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Lavey-Morcles-Hotels-Grand-Hotel-Des-Bains-De-Lavey.h20181083.Hotel-Information) > > [7132 Hotel](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Vals-Hotels-7132-Hotel.h14873408.Hotel-Information) > > [La Reserve Geneve Hotel and Spa](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Geneva-Hotels-La-Reserve-Geneve-Hotel-And-Spa.h410.Hotel-Information) > > [harry's home Bern-Expo](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Ostermundigen-Hotels-Harrys-Home-Hotel-Apartments.h73016659.Hotel-Information) > > [Everness Hotel & Resort](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Chavannes-De-Bogis-Hotels-Everness-Hotel-Resort.h7747.Hotel-Information) > > [Hotel Porta Cervino](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Taesch-Hotels-Porta-Cervino.h102599498.Hotel-Information) > > [Hotel Dakota](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Meiringen-Hotels-Hotel-Dakota.h59634900.Hotel-Information) > > [Dorint Resort & Spa Locarno Riazzino](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Locarno-Hotels-Dorint-Resort-Spa-Locarno-Riazzino.h104812552.Hotel-Information) > > [eco-Chalet in Les Crosets](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Val-DIlliez-Hotels-Eco-Chalet-In-Les-Crosets.h30011509.Hotel-Information) > > [Hotel GRACE LA MARGNA ST MORITZ](https://www.expedia.co.uk/St-Moritz-Hotels-Hotel-GRACE-LA-MARGNA-ST-MORITZ.h99634747.Hotel-Information) > > [Boutique Hotel Panorama Grindelwald](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Grindelwald-Hotels-Boutique-Hotel-Panorama-Grindelwald.h12318665.Hotel-Information) > > [Arosa Alpine Club - Adults Only](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Arosa-Hotels-ROBINSON-AROSA-Adults-Only.h2911127.Hotel-Information) > > [The Glacier Hotel (ex Eurotel Victoria)](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Ormont-Dessus-Hotels-The-Glacier-Hotel.h971671.Hotel-Information) > > [Boutique Hotel Glacier](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Grindelwald-Hotels-Boutique-Hotel-Glacier.h21559650.Hotel-Information) > > [Montreux Lake View - The Freddie Mercury residence](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Montreux-Hotels-Montreux-Lake-View-The-Freddie-Mercury-Residence.h30603250.Hotel-Information) ---