Title: Micro Motel 1 Bed! Su Reviews, Deals & Photos 2026 - Expedia.co.uk [See all properties](http://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?regionId=&adults=2&children=&sort=RECOMMENDED&useRewards=false&semdtl=&userIntent=&vip=false) # Micro Motel 1 Bed! Su Experience the good life in Music City! Discover downtown Nashville's vibrant atmosphere within minutes from your home base. ## Photo gallery for Micro Motel 1 Bed! Su ![Fitness facility - Micro Motel 1 Bed! Su (Nashville)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/92000000/91680000/91678700/91678614/d5f26d3a.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=598&ra=fit) ![Property grounds - Micro Motel 1 Bed! Su (Nashville)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/92000000/91680000/91678700/91678614/8f99cbd6.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) ![Interior - Micro Motel 1 Bed! Su (Nashville)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/92000000/91680000/91678700/91678614/9d562d9c.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) ![1 bedroom, Internet - Micro Motel 1 Bed! Su (Nashville)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/92000000/91680000/91678700/91678614/78974159.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) ![Interior - Micro Motel 1 Bed! Su (Nashville)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/92000000/91680000/91678700/91678614/e868e193.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) - Overview - Rooms - Location - Policies In the heart of Music City, this newly renovated hotel offers a comfortable retreat for 2\. Relax in style with brand new furnishings and enjoy easy access to downtown Nashville's famous attractions like Broadway Street, bars, restaurants, and honky-tonks. ## Reviews 10 Exceptional ## Popular amenities - Air-conditioning - Parking available ## Check prices for these days [Tonight ](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-13&endDate=2026-02-14&selected=91678614&PinnedHotelID=91678614&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-13&endDate=2026-02-14&selected=91678614&PinnedHotelID=91678614&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [Tomorrow ](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-14&endDate=2026-02-15&selected=91678614&PinnedHotelID=91678614&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-14&endDate=2026-02-15&selected=91678614&PinnedHotelID=91678614&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [This weekend ](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-13&endDate=2026-02-15&selected=91678614&PinnedHotelID=91678614&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-13&endDate=2026-02-15&selected=91678614&PinnedHotelID=91678614&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [Next weekend ](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-20&endDate=2026-02-22&selected=91678614&PinnedHotelID=91678614&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-20&endDate=2026-02-22&selected=91678614&PinnedHotelID=91678614&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ## Room options ## You may also like Ad ![Terrace/patio](https://a.travel-assets.com/media/meso_cm/PAPI/Images/lodging/1000000/20000/17400/17388/9b7f7f88_b.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=357&h=201&p=1&q=medium) #### Holiday Inn Nashville - Vanderbilt (Dwtn) by IHG West End - Pool - Pet-friendly - Free Wi-Fi - Restaurant 9.0 Wonderful 1,465 reviews £103 includes taxes & fees 4 Mar - 5 Mar [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Nashville-Hotels-Holiday-Inn-Nashville-Vanderbilt-Dwtn.h17388.Hotel-Information?chkin=2026-3-4&chkout=2026-3-5&rm1=a2®ionId=178291&destination=Nashville (and vicinity)&destType=MARKET&latLong=36.16374,-86.78289&searchId=7a044f16-b2f0-4366-9ce5-a4f9ad5235c5&top_cur=GBP) Ad ![Reception](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/104000000/103880000/103874700/103874684/fbe36cc4.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=357&h=201&p=1&q=medium) #### Memoir Wedgewood Houston South Nashville - Pool - Kitchen - Washing machine - Dryer 9.6 Exceptional 106 reviews £132 includes taxes & fees 22 Feb - 23 Feb [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Nashville-Hotels-Memoir-Wedgewood-Houston.h103874684.Hotel-Information?chkin=2026-2-22&chkout=2026-2-23&rm1=a2®ionId=178291&destination=Nashville (and vicinity)&destType=MARKET&latLong=36.16374,-86.78289&searchId=7a044f16-b2f0-4366-9ce5-a4f9ad5235c5&top_cur=GBP) Ad ![Ballroom](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/3000000/2480000/2475100/2475040/13f51ac4.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=357&h=201&p=1&q=medium) #### Hilton Garden Inn Nashville Vanderbilt Music Row - Pool - Pet-friendly - Free Wi-Fi - Restaurant 8.4 Very good 1,239 reviews £94 includes taxes & fees 1 Mar - 2 Mar [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Nashville-Hotels-Hilton-Garden-Inn-Nashville-Vanderbilt.h2475040.Hotel-Information?chkin=2026-3-1&chkout=2026-3-2&rm1=a2®ionId=178291&destination=Nashville (and vicinity)&destType=MARKET&latLong=36.16374,-86.78289&searchId=7a044f16-b2f0-4366-9ce5-a4f9ad5235c5&top_cur=GBP) Ad ![Premium bedding, pillow-top beds, in-room safe, desk](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/1000000/20000/14300/14282/856957dc.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=357&h=201&p=1&q=medium) #### Holiday Inn Express Nashville Downtown - Broadway by IHG Downtown Nashville - Pool - Breakfast included - Free Wi-Fi - Air-conditioning 8.6 Excellent 2,342 reviews £87 includes taxes & fees 16 Feb - 17 Feb [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Nashville-Hotels-Holiday-Inn-Express-Nashville-Downtown-Conf-Ctr.h14282.Hotel-Information?chkin=2026-2-16&chkout=2026-2-17&rm1=a2®ionId=178291&destination=Nashville (and vicinity)&destType=MARKET&latLong=36.16374,-86.78289&searchId=7a044f16-b2f0-4366-9ce5-a4f9ad5235c5&top_cur=GBP) Ad ![Lobby](https://a.travel-assets.com/media/meso_cm/PAPI/Images/lodging/1000000/60000/59800/59729/39677da2_b.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=357&h=201&p=1&q=medium) #### Hampton Inn & Suites Nashville-Vanderbilt-Elliston Place West End - Pool - Breakfast included - Pet-friendly - Free Wi-Fi 7.6 Good 1,000 reviews £72 includes taxes & fees 24 Feb - 25 Feb [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Nashville-Hotels-Hampton-Inn-Suites-Nashville-Vanderbilt-Elliston-Place.h59729.Hotel-Information?chkin=2026-2-24&chkout=2026-2-25&rm1=a2®ionId=178291&destination=Nashville (and vicinity)&destType=MARKET&latLong=36.16374,-86.78289&searchId=7a044f16-b2f0-4366-9ce5-a4f9ad5235c5&top_cur=GBP) Ad ![Lobby](https://a.travel-assets.com/media/meso_cm/PAPI/Images/lodging/1000000/10000/5400/5382/w3840h2553x0y7-a8db03ff_b.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=357&h=201&p=1&q=medium) #### Hampton Inn Nashville/Vanderbilt West End - Pool - Breakfast included - Pet-friendly - Free Wi-Fi 7.4 Good 1,002 reviews £74 includes taxes & fees 15 Feb - 16 Feb [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Nashville-Hotels-Hampton-Inn-NashvilleVanderbilt.h5382.Hotel-Information?chkin=2026-2-15&chkout=2026-2-16&rm1=a2®ionId=178291&destination=Nashville (and vicinity)&destType=MARKET&latLong=36.16374,-86.78289&searchId=7a044f16-b2f0-4366-9ce5-a4f9ad5235c5&top_cur=GBP) Ad ![Property amenity](https://a.travel-assets.com/media/meso_cm/PAPI/Images/lodging/8000000/7830000/7825200/7825110/7faf7181_b.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=357&h=201&p=1&q=medium) #### Courtyard by Marriott Nashville Green Hills Green Hills - Pool - Pet-friendly - Free Wi-Fi - Restaurant 9.0 Wonderful 1,000 reviews £110 includes taxes & fees 26 Feb - 27 Feb [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Nashville-Hotels-Courtyard-By-Marriott-Nashville-Green-Hills.h7825110.Hotel-Information?chkin=2026-2-26&chkout=2026-2-27&rm1=a2®ionId=178291&destination=Nashville (and vicinity)&destType=MARKET&latLong=36.16374,-86.78289&searchId=7a044f16-b2f0-4366-9ce5-a4f9ad5235c5&top_cur=GBP) Ad ![2 restaurants, American cuisine](https://a.travel-assets.com/media/meso_cm/PAPI/Images/lodging/98000000/97060000/97051500/97051451/c768aa53_b.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=357&h=201&p=1&q=medium) #### Cambria Hotel Nashville Midtown Downtown Nashville - Free Wi-Fi - Restaurant - Air-conditioning - Gym 9.0 Wonderful 1,618 reviews £110 includes taxes & fees 8 Mar - 9 Mar [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Nashville-Hotels-Cambria-Hotel-Nashville-Midtown.h97051451.Hotel-Information?chkin=2026-3-8&chkout=2026-3-9&rm1=a2®ionId=178291&destination=Nashville (and vicinity)&destType=MARKET&latLong=36.16374,-86.78289&searchId=7a044f16-b2f0-4366-9ce5-a4f9ad5235c5&top_cur=GBP) Ad ![Terrace/patio](https://a.travel-assets.com/media/meso_cm/PAPI/Images/lodging/49000000/49000000/48990100/48990047/b6b037fc_b.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=357&h=201&p=1&q=medium) #### TownePlace Suites by Marriott Nashville Downtown/Capitol District Downtown Nashville - Breakfast included - Pet-friendly - Free Wi-Fi - Restaurant 9.4 Exceptional 1,039 reviews £136 includes taxes & fees 1 Mar - 2 Mar [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Nashville-Hotels-TownePlace-Suites-By-Marriott-Nashville-DowntownCapitol-District.h48990047.Hotel-Information?chkin=2026-3-1&chkout=2026-3-2&rm1=a2®ionId=178291&destination=Nashville (and vicinity)&destType=MARKET&latLong=36.16374,-86.78289&searchId=7a044f16-b2f0-4366-9ce5-a4f9ad5235c5&top_cur=GBP) Ad ![Gift shop](https://a.travel-assets.com/media/meso_cm/PAPI/Images/lodging/107000000/106720000/106713900/106713852/w3836h2562x4y3-f3b91502_b.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=357&h=201&p=1&q=medium) #### Caption by Hyatt Downtown Nashville Downtown Nashville - Pet-friendly - Free Wi-Fi - Restaurant - Air-conditioning 9.2 Wonderful 852 reviews £125 includes taxes & fees 16 Feb - 17 Feb [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Nashville-Hotels-Caption-By-Hyatt-Downtown-NashvilleThe-Gulch.h106713852.Hotel-Information?chkin=2026-2-16&chkout=2026-2-17&rm1=a2®ionId=178291&destination=Nashville (and vicinity)&destType=MARKET&latLong=36.16374,-86.78289&searchId=7a044f16-b2f0-4366-9ce5-a4f9ad5235c5&top_cur=GBP) ![Mod logo](https://a.travel-assets.com/pricing-claim/sparkle_dark.svg) Sign in to view eligible discounts and perks. More rewards for more adventures! [Sign in](https://www.expedia.co.uk/login?ckoflag=0&uurl=e3id%3Dredr%26rurl%3D%2FNashville-Hotels-Sunny-1-BR-10-Mins-To-Nashville.h91678614.Hotel-Information)[Sign up, it's free](https://www.expedia.co.uk/signup?enable_registration=true&uurl=e3id%3Dredr%26rurl%3D%2FNashville-Hotels-Sunny-1-BR-10-Mins-To-Nashville.h91678614.Hotel-Information) ## About the area Bordeaux, a neighbourhood in Nashville, is home to this hotel. Printer's Alley and Ryman Auditorium are notable landmarks, and some of the area's popular attractions include Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum and Nashville Zoo. Looking to enjoy an event or a game? See what's going on at Bridgestone Arena or Nissan Stadium. [Visit our Nashville travel guide](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Nashville.dx178291) ![Map](https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?&size=660x330&map_id=3b266eb50d2997c6&zoom=13&markers=icon:https%3A%2F%2Fa.travel-assets.com%2Ftravel-assets-manager%2Feg-maps%2Fproperty.png%7C36.19463%2C-86.83205&channel=expedia-HotelInformation&maptype=roadmap&scale=1&key=AIzaSyCYjQus5kCufOpSj932jFoR_AJiL9yiwOw&signature=CyVGgjNrpGacclJaolfgKOVo7gM=) Nashville, TN ### What's nearby - ![Cumberland Falls featuring rafting, a river or creek and a cascade](https://images.trvl-media.com/place/6091531/b67a0ce8-5628-4464-afa0-cb16bd8b3b7d.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=115.61&rh=65.03&ra=fit&q=high) Cumberland River 8 min walk \- 0.4 miles - Mullins Park 19 min walk \- 1.0 mile - Bordeaux Branch Nashville Public Library 2 min drive \- 1.8 miles - Bordeaux - Timothy Park 2 min drive \- 1.8 miles - Carl Van Vechten Art Gallery 4 min drive \- 1.8 miles ### Getting around - Nashville Riverfront Station 16 min drive - Nashville International Airport (BNA) 17 min drive ### Restaurants - Chick-fil-A 4 min drive - Ed's Fish And Pizza House 3 min drive - Kroger Fuel Center 2 min drive - Waffle House 5 min walk - Checkers 2 min walk ## About this property ### Micro Motel 1 Bed! Su Hotel near Broadway Near Printer's Alley, Micro Motel 1 Bed! Su provides everything you need. Other perks include: - Smoke-free property Room features All guest rooms at Micro Motel 1 Bed! Su have perks, such as air conditioning, in addition to amenities, such as printers and Internet access. More conveniences in all rooms include: - Bathrooms with showers - Heating and printers ## Similar properties ![1 bedroom, Internet](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/92000000/91680000/91678600/91678593/51d06942.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Micro Motel 1 Bed! Su Bordeaux - Pet-friendly - Air-conditioning - Parking available 2.0 1 review [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-27&endDate=2026-02-28&selected=91678593&PinnedHotelID=91678593&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Fitness facility](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/92000000/91680000/91678400/91678309/27e14895.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Micro Motel 1 Bed! Su Bordeaux - Air-conditioning - Parking available 6.0 2 reviews [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-27&endDate=2026-02-28&selected=91678309&PinnedHotelID=91678309&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Outdoor dining](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/123000000/122150000/122149800/122149746/9458e85b.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Vintage Charm Meets Modern Style – Sleeps 12+ Bordeaux - Kitchen - Washing machine - Dryer - Free Wi-Fi £464 includes taxes & fees 23 Feb - 24 Feb [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-23&endDate=2026-02-24&selected=122149746&PinnedHotelID=122149746&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Indoor spa tub](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/122000000/121700000/121700000/121699932/16519dcc.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### NEW!! Hot Tub + Rooftop Oasis Bordeaux - Hot tub - Kitchen - Washing machine - Dryer £465 includes taxes & fees 18 Feb - 19 Feb [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-18&endDate=2026-02-19&selected=121699932&PinnedHotelID=121699932&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Fitness facility](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/92000000/91680000/91678700/91678610/f829564e.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Micro Motel 1 Bed! Su Bordeaux - Air-conditioning - Parking available [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-27&endDate=2026-02-28&selected=91678610&PinnedHotelID=91678610&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Fitness facility](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/92000000/91680000/91678400/91678313/edc66cba.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Micro Motel 1 Bed! Su Bordeaux - Air-conditioning - Parking available 2.0 1 review [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-27&endDate=2026-02-28&selected=91678313&PinnedHotelID=91678313&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Fridge, microwave, oven, stovetop](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/122000000/121350000/121346400/121346351/70cb18a6.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Modern Nashville Stay | Stylish & Comfortable Bordeaux - Kitchen - Washing machine - Dryer - Air-conditioning [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-27&endDate=2026-02-28&selected=121346351&PinnedHotelID=121346351&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Fridge, microwave, oven, stovetop](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/123000000/122150000/122149800/122149771/7753a46a.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### 3 Homes Together | Sleeps 30+ | 5 Mins to Downtown Nashville Bordeaux - Hot tub - Kitchen - Washing machine - Dryer [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-27&endDate=2026-02-28&selected=122149771&PinnedHotelID=122149771&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Fitness facility](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/92000000/91680000/91678700/91678627/87fb344f.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Micro Motel 1 Bed! Su Bordeaux - Pet-friendly - Air-conditioning - Parking available 4.0 1 review [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-27&endDate=2026-02-28&selected=91678627&PinnedHotelID=91678627&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Fridge, microwave, oven, stovetop](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/123000000/122150000/122149800/122149779/2c99bf0d.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Rooftop Comfort in Music City Bordeaux - Kitchen - Washing machine - Dryer - Free Wi-Fi £359 includes taxes & fees 23 Feb - 24 Feb [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-23&endDate=2026-02-24&selected=122149779&PinnedHotelID=122149779&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [Compare similar properties](/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-27&endDate=2026-02-28&selected=91678614&PinnedHotelID=91678614&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2&comparePropertyIds=91678614,91678593,91678309,122149746,121699932) ## Property amenities ### Internet - Available in all rooms: Internet access - Available in some public areas: Internet access ### More - Smoke-free property ## Room amenities ### Bathroom - Shower ### Entertainment - TV ### More - Air conditioning - Heating - Printer ## Policies ### Check-in Check-in time starts at 3:00 PM Minimum check-in age - 20 ### Check-out Check-out before 11:00 AM ### Special check-in instructions You will receive an email from the host with check-in and check-out instructions Information provided by the property may be translated using automated translation tools ### Rules $500 charge fee for smoking in room or common area Up to $150.00/hour charge of additional cleaning needed for excessive messes $50.00 charge for m... ### Pets Pets not allowed (service animals are welcome, and are exempt from fees) Note from host: Charge may apply ### Children and extra beds Children are welcome ### Events No events allowed ### Smoking Smoking is not permitted ## Important information ### You need to know This property is managed by a professional host. The provision of housing is linked to their trade, business or profession. Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on property policy Government-issued photo identification and a credit card, debit card or cash deposit may be required at check-in for incidental charges Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges; special requests cannot be guaranteed On-site parties or group events are strictly prohibited Long-term renters welcome Safety features at this property include a carbon monoxide detector and a smoke detector This property is managed through our partner, Vrbo. You will receive an email from Vrbo with a link to a Vrbo account, where you can change or cancel your reservation If you cancel your booking, you'll be subject to the host's cancellation policy. In accordance with UK consumer law, property booking services are not subject to the right of withdrawal. ### Property is also known as 63fe4385cd5116003fc40a05 ## Frequently asked questions ### Is Micro Motel 1 Bed! Su pet-friendly? ### How much is parking at Micro Motel 1 Bed! Su? ### What time is check-in at Micro Motel 1 Bed! Su? ### What time is check-out at Micro Motel 1 Bed! Su? ### Where is Micro Motel 1 Bed! Su located? ## Have a question? Beta Get instant answers with AI powered search of property information and reviews. Ask a question ## Reviews ## Micro Motel 1 Bed! Su Reviews 10 ### Exceptional All reviews shown are from real guest experiences. Only travellers who have booked a stay with us can submit a review. We verify reviews according to our guidelines and publish all reviews, positive or negative.[More information](https://www.expedia.co.uk/lp/b/content-guidelines) ### 10 Cleanliness ### 9.0 Location 10 - Excellent 2 8 - Good 0 6 - Okay 0 4 - Poor 0 2 - Terrible 0 ## Reviews ### 10/10 Excellent #### Amber L. 21 May 2023 Liked: Cleanliness, check-in, communication, location, listing accuracy #### Great location, cute room We loved the location of this property and the room was perfect for a short weekend getaway with friends. ##### Amber L. Stayed 2 nights in May 2023 ### 10/10 Excellent #### Kendall B. 3 May 2023 Liked: Cleanliness, check-in, communication, location, listing accuracy #### Great Cost Efficient Spot In the middle of a few stores and food, pretty close to downtown. Nice spot, especially if you're gonna be out all day, this is a cool room to come back and relax in. The shared full kitchen was even amazing, no hassle ##### Kendall B. Stayed 1 night in Apr 2023 ---