Title: Banmai87 Guest House Reviews, Deals & Photos 2026 - Expedia.co.uk [See all properties](http://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?regionId=&selected=95976856&adults=2&children=&sort=RECOMMENDED&useRewards=false&semdtl=&userIntent=&vip=false) # Banmai87 Guest House This peaceful guest house provides a convenient base for exploring Ayutthaya Historical Park, with practical amenities that make sightseeing easier ## Photo gallery for Banmai87 Guest House ![Standard Room | Front of property - Banmai87 Guest House (Ayutthaya)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/96000000/95980000/95976900/95976856/4e2364c4.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=598&ra=fit) ![Standard Room | Minibar, desk, free WiFi, bed sheets - Banmai87 Guest House (Ayutthaya)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/96000000/95980000/95976900/95976856/50681e15.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) ![Standard Room | Minibar, desk, free WiFi, bed sheets - Banmai87 Guest House (Ayutthaya)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/96000000/95980000/95976900/95976856/fad76e6e.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) ![Exterior - Banmai87 Guest House (Ayutthaya)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/96000000/95980000/95976900/95976856/47bab2d6.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) ![Bicycling - Banmai87 Guest House (Ayutthaya)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/96000000/95980000/95976900/95976856/18bdbb70.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) - Overview - Rooms - Location - Policies Banmai87 Guest House, near Ayutthaya Historical Park, offers travelers a practical stay to explore ancient temples. Guests can use in-room WiFi to plan adventures, rent bicycles to tour ruins, and enjoy luggage storage and self-parking. ## Reviews 10 Exceptional ## Popular amenities - Parking included - Free Wi-Fi - Air-conditioning ## Check prices for these days [Tonight ](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-04&endDate=2026-03-05&selected=95976856&PinnedHotelID=95976856&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-04&endDate=2026-03-05&selected=95976856&PinnedHotelID=95976856&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [Tomorrow ](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-05&endDate=2026-03-06&selected=95976856&PinnedHotelID=95976856&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-05&endDate=2026-03-06&selected=95976856&PinnedHotelID=95976856&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [This weekend ](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-06&endDate=2026-03-08&selected=95976856&PinnedHotelID=95976856&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-06&endDate=2026-03-08&selected=95976856&PinnedHotelID=95976856&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [Next weekend ](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-13&endDate=2026-03-15&selected=95976856&PinnedHotelID=95976856&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-13&endDate=2026-03-15&selected=95976856&PinnedHotelID=95976856&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ## Room options ### View all photos for Standard Room ![Standard Room | Minibar, desk, free WiFi, bed sheets](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/96000000/95980000/95976900/95976856/fbd7b5ae.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=1200&h=800&quality=medium) ### Standard Room ### Highlights Air conditioning Mini-fridge Flat-screen TV Portable fan Private bathroom Hairdryer Rainfall showerhead Minibar - Canal view - 258 sq ft - Sleeps 2 - 1 King Bed ![Mod logo](https://a.travel-assets.com/pricing-claim/sparkle_dark.svg) Sign in to view eligible discounts and perks. More rewards for more adventures! [Sign in](https://www.expedia.co.uk/login?ckoflag=0&uurl=e3id%3Dredr%26rurl%3D%2FAyutthaya-Hotels-Banmai-87-Guest-House.h95976856.Hotel-Information)[Sign up, it's free](https://www.expedia.co.uk/signup?enable_registration=true&uurl=e3id%3Dredr%26rurl%3D%2FAyutthaya-Hotels-Banmai-87-Guest-House.h95976856.Hotel-Information) ## About the area Ayutthaya is home to Banmai87 Guest House. Thai Boat Museum and Ayuthaya Historical Study Centre are cultural highlights, and some of the area's landmarks include Ayutthaya Historical Park and Wat Yai Chaimongkon. [Visit our Ayutthaya travel guide](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Ayutthaya.dx6051946) ![Map](https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?&size=660x330&map_id=3b266eb50d2997c6&zoom=13&markers=icon:https%3A%2F%2Fa.travel-assets.com%2Ftravel-assets-manager%2Feg-maps%2Fproperty.png%7C14.35551%2C100.59392&channel=expedia-HotelInformation&maptype=roadmap&scale=1&key=AIzaSyCYjQus5kCufOpSj932jFoR_AJiL9yiwOw&signature=XskGdBh9BfQFT4nmb2pkoP4l3rE=) 87/1 Tambon Phai Ling, Ayutthaya, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, 13000 ### What's nearby - ![A view in #watmahathat. WatMahaThat has one of the oldest and most significant temples in Thailand. It's located in #Ayutthaya, the city which once was the former capital of #Thailand. #Asia #LifeatExpedia ](https://images.trvl-media.com/place/6051946/067ef91f-2380-4808-9b06-2696931cdb97.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=115.61&rh=65.03&ra=fit&q=high) Ayutthaya Historical Park 1 min walk \- 0.0 miles - ![Thailand's old capital of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya is full of majestic ruins and grand temples. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, the city also has plenty of idyllic scenes like this one from Ayothaya Floating Market. To escape the tourist crowd, seek and ye shall find.](https://images.trvl-media.com/place/553248621526917425/fcbfdd35-a0e5-4856-988d-cda7136a1417.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=115.61&rh=65.03&ra=fit&q=high) Ayuthaya Floating Market 10 min walk \- 0.6 miles - ![A row of Buddha statues at the temple of Wat Yai Chai Mongkol in Ayutthaya near Bangkok Thailand. Image shot 2006. Exact date unknown.](https://images.trvl-media.com/place/6119520/81139e96-feb7-4e56-ae9f-3f54cc47c719.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=115.61&rh=65.03&ra=fit&q=high) Wat Yai Chaimongkon 15 min walk \- 0.9 miles - ![Wat Phan Cheong #Ayutthaya THAILAND](https://images.trvl-media.com/place/6051946/8490f0f4-41d0-430d-b548-2640c7871e7f.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=115.61&rh=65.03&ra=fit&q=high) Wat Phanan Choeng 2 min drive \- 1.2 miles - Royal Elephant Kraal Village 9 min walk \- 0.5 miles ### Getting around - Ayutthaya Ban Ma Station 9 min drive - Bangkok (DMK-Don Mueang Intl.) 52 min drive ### Restaurants - Tapestry 4 min walk - ข้าวต้มตาทุ้ย เจดีย์นักเลง 7 min walk - ก๋วยเตี๋ยวเรือนายอ๊อฟ สูตรยายจง รสดั้งเดิม 5 min walk - ก๋วยเตี๋ยวเป็ดทอง นายไช้ 3 min walk - Kwans Ayutthaya 7 min walk ## About this property ### Banmai87 Guest House Hotel near Ayutthaya Historical Park Banmai87 Guest House provides everything that you need. Guests can connect to free in-room WiFi. You'll also enjoy perks such as: - Free self-parking - Free bike hire, smoke-free property and luggage storage Room features All guest rooms at Banmai87 Guest House offer perks, such as air conditioning, in addition to amenities, such as free WiFi and minibars. Other conveniences in all rooms include: - Free tea bags/instant coffee and electric kettles - Bathrooms with rainfall showers and free toiletries - 32-inch flat-screen TVs with cable channels - Wardrobes/cupboards, mini fridges and portable fans ## Similar properties ![Outdoor pool](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/101000000/100590000/100583800/100583756/2de678e3.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Centara Ayutthaya Ayutthaya - Pool - Parking included - Free Wi-Fi - Restaurant 9.4 Exceptional 183 reviews £71 includes taxes & fees 11 Mar - 12 Mar [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-11&endDate=2026-03-12&selected=100583756&PinnedHotelID=100583756&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Property grounds](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/12000000/11620000/11616200/11616192/6f34a49c.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Baifern Homestay Ayutthaya - Parking included - Free Wi-Fi - Restaurant - Air-conditioning 8.2 Very good 165 reviews [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-18&endDate=2026-03-19&selected=11616192&PinnedHotelID=11616192&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Executive Suite Room | In-room safe, desk, rollaway beds](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/12000000/11280000/11279300/11279290/025a159a.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Ayothaya Riverside Hotel Ayutthaya Ayutthaya - Parking included - Free Wi-Fi - Restaurant - Air-conditioning 7.0 Good 106 reviews £23 includes taxes & fees 2 Apr - 3 Apr [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-02&endDate=2026-04-03&selected=11279290&PinnedHotelID=11279290&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Economy Double Room, 1 Queen Bed, Non Smoking, Shared Bathroom | Desk, laptop workspace, blackout curtains, free WiFi](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/92000000/91750000/91748000/91747913/13b21a8b.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Baan Mee Suk Ayutthaya - Hostel Ayutthaya - Free Wi-Fi - Air-conditioning - Microwave - Living/dining area 9.8 Exceptional 7 reviews £14 includes taxes & fees 1 Apr - 2 Apr [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-01&endDate=2026-04-02&selected=91747913&PinnedHotelID=91747913&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Exterior](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/32000000/31180000/31176900/31176876/874c49fb.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Baan Khun Ya Ayutthaya Ayutthaya - Parking included - Free Wi-Fi - Air-conditioning 8.0 Very good 21 reviews [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-18&endDate=2026-03-19&selected=31176876&PinnedHotelID=31176876&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Property grounds](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/97000000/96170000/96161000/96160927/0ca4b463.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Baan Bussara Ayutthaya - Parking included - Free Wi-Fi - Laundry room 9.8 Exceptional 11 reviews £15 includes taxes & fees 5 Mar - 6 Mar [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-05&endDate=2026-03-06&selected=96160927&PinnedHotelID=96160927&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Front of property](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/105000000/104290000/104280400/104280399/e6f0bc04.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Syama Residence Ayutthaya - Parking included - Free Wi-Fi - Air-conditioning - Breakfast available 10 Exceptional 10 reviews [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-18&endDate=2026-03-19&selected=104280399&PinnedHotelID=104280399&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Breakfast, lunch, dinner served; Thai cuisine ](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/19000000/18450000/18447000/18446917/8c736852.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Aiyara House Ayutthaya - Parking included - Free Wi-Fi - Restaurant - Air-conditioning 8.4 Very good 69 reviews £14 includes taxes & fees 26 Mar - 27 Mar [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-26&endDate=2026-03-27&selected=18446917&PinnedHotelID=18446917&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Exterior](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/95000000/94720000/94710100/94710098/d9506ef2.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### KWANS Ayutthaya Ayutthaya - Parking included - Free Wi-Fi - Restaurant - Air-conditioning 8.6 Excellent 13 reviews [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-18&endDate=2026-03-19&selected=94710098&PinnedHotelID=94710098&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Exterior](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/26000000/25040000/25036000/25035960/999da3e1.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Baan Canalee Ayutthaya - Pet-friendly - Parking included - Free Wi-Fi - Air-conditioning 9.6 Exceptional 41 reviews [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-18&endDate=2026-03-19&selected=25035960&PinnedHotelID=25035960&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [Compare similar properties](/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-18&endDate=2026-03-19&selected=95976856&PinnedHotelID=95976856&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2&comparePropertyIds=95976856,100583756,11616192,11279290,91747913) ## Property amenities ### Internet - Available in all rooms: Free WiFi - In-room WiFi speed: 500+ Mbps (good for 6+ people or 10+ devices) - Available in some public areas: Free WiFi ### Parking and transport - Free secured, uncovered self parking on site - Limited on-site self parking ### Things to do - Free bicycle rentals ### Family friendly - Mini-fridge ### Conveniences - Luggage storage ### Guest services - Change of towels on request ### Accessibility - If you have requests for specific accessibility needs, please contact the property using the information on the reservation confirmation received after booking. - Hardwood flooring in room - No lift - Tile flooring in room - Well-lit path to entrance ### More - Smoke-free property ## Room amenities ### Bedroom - Bedsheets provided ### Bathroom - Free toiletries - Hair dryer - Private bathroom - Rainfall showerhead - Shampoo - Shower - Soap - Toilet paper - Toothbrush and toothpaste - Towels provided ### Entertainment - 32-inch flat-screen TV with cable channels ### Food and drink - Electric kettle - Free bottled water - Mini-fridge - Minibar - Tea bags/instant coffee ### More - Air conditioning - Desk - Portable fan ## Policies ### Check-in Check-in start time: 2:00 PM; check-in end time: 8:00 PM ### Check-out Check-out before 11:00 AM ### Special check-in instructions There is no front desk at this property The host will greet guests on arrival This property doesn't offer after-hours check-in Information provided by the property may be translated using automated translation tools ### Access methods Host will greet you ### Pets Pets not allowed ### Children and extra beds Children are welcome ## Important information ### You need to know This property is managed by a private host (a party not acting within their trade, business or profession). EU consumer law, including the right of withdrawal, will not apply to your booking. The cancellation policy set by the private host will cover your booking. Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on property policy Government-issued photo identification and a credit card, debit card or cash deposit may be required at check-in for incidental charges Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges; special requests cannot be guaranteed This property accepts cash Safety features at this property include a fire extinguisher ### We should mention This property does not have any lifts ### Property is also known as Banmai 87 Guest House Banmai87 Guest House Hotel Banmai87 Guest House Ayutthaya Banmai87 Guest House Hotel Ayutthaya ## Frequently asked questions ### Is Banmai87 Guest House pet-friendly? ### How much is parking at Banmai87 Guest House? ### What time is check-in at Banmai87 Guest House? ### What time is check-out at Banmai87 Guest House? ### Where is Banmai87 Guest House located? ## Have a question? Beta Get instant answers with AI powered search of property information and reviews. Ask a question ## Reviews ## Banmai87 Guest House Reviews 10 ### Exceptional All reviews shown are from real guest experiences. Only travellers who have booked a stay with us can submit a review. We verify reviews according to our guidelines and publish all reviews, positive or negative.[More information](https://www.expedia.co.uk/lp/b/content-guidelines) ### 10 Cleanliness ### 10 Staff & service ### 10 Property conditions & facilities 10 - Excellent 3 8 - Good 0 6 - Okay 0 4 - Poor 0 2 - Terrible 0 ## Reviews ### 10/10 Excellent #### Hans 2 Mar 2025 Liked: Cleanliness, staff & service, property conditions & facilities, room comfort #### Very nice small guesthouse Lovely spot with a great view to the river. Very comfortable and nice room. Very friendly and helpful owner. Highly recommended. ##### Hans Stayed 1 night in Feb 2025 ### 10/10 Excellent #### Cassandre 8 Jul 2024 Liked: Cleanliness, staff & service, property conditions & facilities, room comfort #### Un petit jardin de paix Tellement un bel endroit, reposant avec les bruits de la nature, le ruisseau, tous les oiseaux et reptiles qui y vivent... un petit jardin de paix. L'hôte Sukanya est absolument adorable! Elle m'a gentiment laissée rester jusqu'à 20h dans l'appartement au lieu du checkout le matin, et m'a conduite à mon bus de nuit le soir. C'était super calme, propre, le lit super grand et confortable. C'est loin des activités et parc historique à pieds, mais à seulement 10 min en Grab. Il y a aussi des vélos en libre service disponibles. 7 eleven au coin de rue en cas de besoin de derniere minute! ##### Cassandre Stayed 2 nights in Jun 2024 ### 10/10 Excellent #### Keerthan 25 Jan 2025 Liked: Cleanliness, staff & service, property conditions & facilities, room comfort ##### Keerthan Stayed 1 night in Jan 2025 ### Expedia's Latest Trends ### Hotels > - [Andaman Seaview Hotel](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Phuket-Hotels-Andaman-Seaview-Hotel.h1143381.Hotel-Information) > - [Stay Wellbeing & Lifestyle Resort](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Phuket-Hotels-STAY-Well-Being-Lifestyle-Resort.h37268201.Hotel-Information) > - [Arinara Beach Resort Phuket](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Phuket-Hotels-Arinara-Bangtao-Beach-Resort.h6649575.Hotel-Information) > - [Cape Sienna Gourmet Hotel & Villas](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Phuket-Hotels-Cape-Sienna-Gourmet-Hotel-Villas.h2945736.Hotel-Information) > - [Layana Resort and Spa](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Ko-Lanta-Hotels-Layana-Resort-Spa.h1122099.Hotel-Information) > - [Anantara Koh Yao Yai Resort & Villas](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Ko-Yao-Hotels-Anantara-Koh-Yao-Yai-Resort-Villas.h90513832.Hotel-Information) > - [Princess Kamala Beachfront Hotel](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Phuket-Hotels-Princess-Kamala-Beachfront-Hotel.h48452226.Hotel-Information) > - [Panvaree The Greenery](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Surat-Thani-Hotels-Panvaree-The-Greenery.h19777319.Hotel-Information) > - [500 Rai Khao Sok Floating Resort](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Surat-Thani-Hotels-500-Rai-Khao-Sok-Floating-Resort.h16125366.Hotel-Information) > - [Melia Phuket Mai Khao](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Phuket-Hotels-Melia-Phuket-Mai-Khao.h70413524.Hotel-Information) > - [Paradox Resort Phuket](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Karon-Hotels-Paradox-Resort-Phuket.h1161237.Hotel-Information) > - [Nipa Resort](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Phuket-Hotels-Nipa-Resort.h2759732.Hotel-Information) > - [Seaview Patong Hotel](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Phuket-Hotels-Seaview-Patong-Hotel.h1521557.Hotel-Information) > - [The Village Resort](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Phuket-Hotels-The-Village-Resort-Spa.h1594126.Hotel-Information) > - [The Marina Phuket Hotel](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Phuket-Hotels-The-Marina-Phuket-Hotel.h19455258.Hotel-Information) > - [Dinso Resort & Villas Phuket, Vignette Collection by IHG](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Patong-Hotels-Dinso-Resort-Villas-Phuket.h20257114.Hotel-Information) > - [Keemala](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Phuket-Hotels-Keemala.h10507369.Hotel-Information) > - [SYLVAN Koh Chang](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Ko-Chang-Hotels-SYLVAN-Koh-Chang.h6198140.Hotel-Information) > - [Courtyard by Marriott Phuket, Patong Beach Resort](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Phuket-Hotels-Patong-Merlin-Hotel.h1594106.Hotel-Information) > - [Rawi Warin Resort and Spa](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Ko-Lanta-Hotels-Rawi-Warin-Resort-And-Spa.h1461749.Hotel-Information) > - [Avista Hideaway Phuket Patong - MGallery](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Phuket-Hotels-Avista-Hideaway-Phuket-Patong-MGallery.h5040051.Hotel-Information) > - [Cafe del Mar Hotel](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Kamala-Hotels-Cafe-Del-Mar-Hotel.h109868034.Hotel-Information) > - [Twin Lotus Resort and Spa (Adult Only / November to April)](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Ko-Lanta-Hotels-Twin-Lotus-Koh-Lanta.h1393121.Hotel-Information) > - [ACCESS Resort & Villas](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Phuket-Hotels-ACCESS-Resort-Villas.h1548215.Hotel-Information) > - [Four Points by Sheraton Phuket Patong Beach Resort](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Phuket-Hotels-Four-Points-By-Sheraton-Phuket-Patong-Beach-Resort.h48813411.Hotel-Information) > - [Sunwing Kamala Beach](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Kamala-Hotels-Sunwing-Kamala-Beach.h2842424.Hotel-Information) > - [Rawai Palm Beach Resort](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Phuket-Hotels-Rawai-Palm-Beach-Resort.h4431190.Hotel-Information) > - [Phuket Graceland Resort And Spa](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Phuket-Hotels-Phuket-Graceland-Resort-And-Spa.h1594065.Hotel-Information) > - [The Beach Resort & Residence](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Pathio-Hotels-The-Beach-Resort-Residence.h27178302.Hotel-Information) ---