Title: The Hosteller Kufri, Shimla Reviews, Deals & Photos 2026 - Expedia.co.uk [See all properties](http://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?regionId=3000004288&destination=Theog%2C+Himachal+Pradesh%2C+India&selected=114443128&adults=2&children=&sort=RECOMMENDED&useRewards=false&semdtl=&userIntent=&vip=false) # The Hosteller Kufri, Shimla ## Photo gallery for The Hosteller Kufri, Shimla ![Deluxe Double Room with Balcony and Valley View | Valley view - The Hosteller Kufri, Shimla (Theog)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/115000000/114450000/114443200/114443128/580adda7.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=598&ra=fit) ![Lobby - The Hosteller Kufri, Shimla (Theog)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/115000000/114450000/114443200/114443128/a7909eaa.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) ![Superior Double Room with Balcony and Valley View | Soundproofing, free WiFi, bed sheets - The Hosteller Kufri, Shimla (Theog)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/115000000/114450000/114443200/114443128/49c42ef2.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) ![Restaurant - The Hosteller Kufri, Shimla (Theog)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/115000000/114450000/114443200/114443128/cbd0987a.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) ![Lobby sitting area - The Hosteller Kufri, Shimla (Theog)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/115000000/114450000/114443200/114443128/e196c532.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) - Overview - Rooms - Location - Policies The Hosteller Kufri, Shimla provides a coffee shop/cafe and more. Stay connected with free in-room WiFi. ## Popular amenities - Parking included - Free Wi-Fi - Housekeeping - 24/7 front desk £16 includes taxes & fees 7 Apr - 8 Apr ## Room options ### Check availability for these dates Tonight [Apr 1 - Apr 2](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-01&endDate=2026-04-02&selected=114443128&PinnedHotelID=114443128&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-01&endDate=2026-04-02&selected=114443128&PinnedHotelID=114443128&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) Tomorrow [Apr 2 - Apr 3](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-02&endDate=2026-04-03&selected=114443128&PinnedHotelID=114443128&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-02&endDate=2026-04-03&selected=114443128&PinnedHotelID=114443128&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) This weekend [Apr 3 - Apr 5](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-03&endDate=2026-04-05&selected=114443128&PinnedHotelID=114443128&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-03&endDate=2026-04-05&selected=114443128&PinnedHotelID=114443128&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) Next weekend [Apr 10 - Apr 12](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-10&endDate=2026-04-12&selected=114443128&PinnedHotelID=114443128&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-10&endDate=2026-04-12&selected=114443128&PinnedHotelID=114443128&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) All rooms 1 bed 2 beds Showing 10 of 10 rooms ### View all photos for Deluxe Double Room ![Deluxe Double Room | Soundproofing, free WiFi, bed sheets](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/115000000/114450000/114443200/114443128/847a7dde.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=1200&h=800&quality=medium) ### Deluxe Double Room - 140 sq ft - 1 bedroom - Sleeps 2 - 1 Double Bed ### View all photos for Deluxe Double Room with Balcony and Valley View ![Deluxe Double Room with Balcony and Valley View | Soundproofing, free WiFi, bed sheets](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/115000000/114450000/114443200/114443128/4c4ff9f0.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=1200&h=800&quality=medium) ### Deluxe Double Room with Balcony and Valley View - Valley view - 140 sq ft - 1 bedroom - Sleeps 2 - 1 Double Bed ### View all photos for Superior Double Room ![Superior Double Room | Soundproofing, free WiFi, bed sheets](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/115000000/114450000/114443200/114443128/297ad9bb.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=1200&h=800&quality=medium) ### Superior Double Room - 215 sq ft - Sleeps 2 - 1 Double Bed ### View all photos for Superior Double Room with Balcony and Valley View ![Superior Double Room with Balcony and Valley View | Soundproofing, free WiFi, bed sheets](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/115000000/114450000/114443200/114443128/49c42ef2.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=1200&h=800&quality=medium) ### Superior Double Room with Balcony and Valley View - Valley view - 214 sq ft - 1 bedroom - Sleeps 2 - 1 Double Bed ### View all photos for Deluxe Quadruple Room ![Deluxe Quadruple Room | Soundproofing, free WiFi, bed sheets](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/115000000/114450000/114443200/114443128/4a053c3e.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=1200&h=800&quality=medium) ### Deluxe Quadruple Room - 140 sq ft - 1 bedroom - Sleeps 4 - 1 Double Bed and 1 Single Bunk Bed ### View all photos for Standard Double Room with Balcony and Valley View ![Standard Double Room with Balcony and Valley View | Soundproofing, free WiFi, bed sheets](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/115000000/114450000/114443200/114443128/0a9aa8be.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=1200&h=800&quality=medium) ### Standard Double Room with Balcony and Valley View - Valley view - 140 sq ft - 1 bedroom - Sleeps 2 - 1 Double Bed ### View all photos for Bed in 4 Bed Mixed Dormitory ![Bed in 4 Bed Mixed Dormitory | Soundproofing, free WiFi, bed sheets](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/115000000/114450000/114443200/114443128/d7bd7776.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=1200&h=800&quality=medium) ### Bed in 4 Bed Mixed Dormitory - Sleeps 1 - 1 Single Bunk Bed ### View all photos for Bed in 4 Bed Female Dormitory ![Bed in 4 Bed Female Dormitory | Soundproofing, free WiFi, bed sheets](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/115000000/114450000/114443200/114443128/e7daf4f2.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=1200&h=800&quality=medium) ### Bed in 4 Bed Female Dormitory - 142 sq ft - Sleeps 1 - 1 Single Bunk Bed ### View all photos for Bed in 6 Bed Mixed Dormitory ![Bed in 6 Bed Mixed Dormitory | Soundproofing, free WiFi, bed sheets](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/115000000/114450000/114443200/114443128/w1003h683x0y0-0dd1899f.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=1200&h=800&quality=medium) ### Bed in 6 Bed Mixed Dormitory - 215 sq ft - Sleeps 1 - 1 Single Bunk Bed ### View all photos for Bed in 8 Bed Mixed Dormitory ![Bed in 8 Bed Mixed Dormitory | Soundproofing, free WiFi, bed sheets](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/115000000/114450000/114443200/114443128/743364e3.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=1200&h=800&quality=medium) ### Bed in 8 Bed Mixed Dormitory - 215 sq ft - Sleeps 1 - 1 Single Bunk Bed ![Mod logo](https://a.travel-assets.com/pricing-claim/sparkle_dark.svg) Sign in to view eligible discounts and perks. More rewards for more adventures! [Sign in](https://www.expedia.co.uk/login?ckoflag=0&uurl=e3id%3Dredr%26rurl%3D%2FTheog-Hotels-The-Hosteller-Kufri.h114443128.Hotel-Information)[Sign up, it's free](https://www.expedia.co.uk/signup?enable_registration=true&uurl=e3id%3Dredr%26rurl%3D%2FTheog-Hotels-The-Hosteller-Kufri.h114443128.Hotel-Information) ## About the area Theog is home to The Hosteller Kufri, Shimla. Kufri Fun World and Hip Hip Hurray Amusement Park are worth checking out if an activity is on the agenda, while those looking for area attractions can visit Himalayan Aviary and Gaiety Heritage Cultural Complex. [Visit our Theog travel guide](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Theog.dx3000004288) [View more Hostels in Theog](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Theog-Hostels.d3000004288-aaHostels.Travel-Guide-Accommodation) ![Map](https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?&size=660x330&map_id=3b266eb50d2997c6&zoom=13&markers=icon:https%3A%2F%2Fa.travel-assets.com%2Ftravel-assets-manager%2Feg-maps%2Fproperty.png%7C31.11192%2C77.31886&channel=expedia-HotelInformation&maptype=roadmap&scale=1&key=AIzaSyCYjQus5kCufOpSj932jFoR_AJiL9yiwOw&signature=LeFOA6bhkxrx4jq78UDe4mM3Gvo=) Tehsil, Chandel Heights Khasra, Number 68/24, Mohal Kandi Ser Vill., Theog, 171209 ### What's nearby - ![Kufri Fun World](https://images.trvl-media.com/place/6184896/e66fc633-ac15-40ae-bd5c-c258b4dbe9f3.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=115.61&rh=65.03&ra=fit&q=high) Kufri Fun World 13 min drive \- 4.3 miles - ![Mall Road](https://images.trvl-media.com/place/6184884/760be6cb-5ead-4742-bebd-2da3729adbc9.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=115.61&rh=65.03&ra=fit&q=high) Mall Road 35 min drive \- 13.6 miles - ![Christ church in Shimla, India at sunset](https://images.trvl-media.com/place/6106684/d3d88567-99aa-4f95-8071-6a829fe53706.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=115.61&rh=65.03&ra=fit&q=high) Christ Church 35 min drive \- 13.6 miles - Himalayan Nature Park 23 min drive \- 6.1 miles - Lakkar Bazar 34 min drive \- 13.3 miles ### Getting around - Kathleeghat Station 38 min drive - Shimla (SLV) 115 min drive ### Restaurants - Theog Junction 9 min drive - Sher-e-Punjab 14 min drive - The Restaurant 14 min drive - Tragopan 9 min drive - Tragopan 9 min drive ## About this property ### The Hosteller Kufri, Shimla Property highlights The Hosteller Kufri, Shimla provides a coffee shop/cafe and more. Guests can connect to free in-room WiFi. You'll also find perks such as: - Free self-parking - A 24-hour front desk and luggage storage Room features All guestrooms at The Hosteller Kufri, Shimla offer comforts such as free WiFi and sound-insulated walls. Other conveniences in all rooms include: - Bathrooms with showers and toilet paper ## Similar properties ![Dining](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/119000000/118260000/118258000/118257905/e9a0b809.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Storii by ITC Hotels Narindera Orchards, Kufri Theog - Pool - Spa - Kids’ pool - Parking included 10 Exceptional 2 reviews £111 includes taxes & fees 8 Apr - 9 Apr [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-08&endDate=2026-04-09&selected=118257905&PinnedHotelID=118257905&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Exterior](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/16000000/15280000/15278500/15278488/e202b857.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Sterling Kufri Theog - Spa - Pet-friendly - Parking included - Free Wi-Fi 6.8 13 reviews £40 includes taxes & fees 8 Apr - 9 Apr [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-08&endDate=2026-04-09&selected=15278488&PinnedHotelID=15278488&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Deluxe Room, Mountain View | Premium bedding, memory-foam beds, desk, laptop workspace](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/112000000/111940000/111931600/111931582/98b8d562.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Faagu Peaks Theog - Parking included - Free Wi-Fi - Restaurant - Housekeeping £18 includes taxes & fees 9 Apr - 10 Apr [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-09&endDate=2026-04-10&selected=111931582&PinnedHotelID=111931582&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Lobby sitting area](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/123000000/122790000/122787000/122786996/635e0585.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### The Hosteller Shimla Valley View Shimla - Pet-friendly - Free Wi-Fi - Restaurant - Housekeeping £30 includes taxes & fees 2 Apr - 3 Apr [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-02&endDate=2026-04-03&selected=122786996&PinnedHotelID=122786996&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Café](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/117000000/116530000/116520900/116520870/930bbc76.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### The Hosteller Kasauli Kasauli - Parking included - Free Wi-Fi - Housekeeping - 24/7 front desk £26 includes taxes & fees 7 Apr - 8 Apr [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-07&endDate=2026-04-08&selected=116520870&PinnedHotelID=116520870&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Deluxe Room | Free WiFi](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/106000000/105990000/105985900/105985853/w699h462x3y16-cb3e8f81.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Gulmarg Height Homestay Kufri Shimla Theog - Free Wi-Fi 10 Exceptional 1 review £11 includes taxes & fees 2 May - 3 May [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-05-02&endDate=2026-05-03&selected=105985853&PinnedHotelID=105985853&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Family Suite with Fireplace | Free WiFi, bed sheets](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/103000000/102750000/102745700/102745628/be0808a6.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Zostel Homes Cheog - Shimla Theog - Parking included - Free Wi-Fi - Restaurant - Laundry room £20 includes taxes & fees 9 Apr - 10 Apr [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-09&endDate=2026-04-10&selected=102745628&PinnedHotelID=102745628&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Exterior](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/66000000/65350000/65346700/65346660/8c16571b.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### The Orchid Shimla Shimla - Pool - Spa - Parking included - Free Wi-Fi 9.2 Wonderful 38 reviews £46 includes taxes & fees 7 Apr - 8 Apr [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-07&endDate=2026-04-08&selected=65346660&PinnedHotelID=65346660&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Premium Room, Balcony, Mountain View | Terrace/patio](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/124000000/123660000/123650300/123650257/443f3af8.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Kufri Farms Kufri - Parking included - Free Wi-Fi - Outdoor space £25 includes taxes & fees 1 May - 2 May [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-05-01&endDate=2026-05-02&selected=123650257&PinnedHotelID=123650257&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Deluxe Suite, 1 Double Bed | In-room safe, blackout curtains, iron/ironing board, rollaway beds](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/6000000/5260000/5257800/5257784/63b8a80c.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Hotel Kapil Shimla - Parking included - Free Wi-Fi - Breakfast available - Laundry room 8.4 Very good 197 reviews £21 includes taxes & fees 2 Apr - 3 Apr [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-02&endDate=2026-04-03&selected=5257784&PinnedHotelID=5257784&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [Compare similar properties](/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-15&endDate=2026-04-16&selected=114443128&PinnedHotelID=114443128&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2&comparePropertyIds=114443128,118257905,15278488,111931582,122786996) ## Property amenities ### Internet - Available in all rooms: Free WiFi - In-room WiFi speed: 25+ Mbps - Available in some public areas: Free WiFi ### Parking and transport - Free self parking on site - Limited on-site self parking ### Food and drink - A coffee shop/cafe ### Family friendly - Soundproofed rooms ### Conveniences - 24-hour front desk - Luggage storage ### Guest services - Housekeeping (daily) ### Accessibility - If you have requests for specific accessibility needs, please contact the property using the information on the reservation confirmation received after booking. - No lift - Well-lit path to entrance ### More - Designated smoking areas ## Room amenities ### Bedroom - Bedsheets provided ### Bathroom - Private bathroom - Shower - Toilet paper ### More - Soundproofed rooms ## Policies ### Check-in Check-in start time: 2:00 PM; check-in end time: anytime Minimum check-in age - 18 ### Check-out Check-out before 11:00 AM ### Special check-in instructions Front desk staff will greet guests on arrival at the property Information provided by the property may be translated using automated translation tools ### Access methods Staffed front desk ### Pets Pets not allowed ### Children and extra beds Children are welcome 1 child per adult, up to the age of 17 years, can stay for free if using existing beds when occupying the parent or guardian's room Rollaway/extra beds are not available. Cots (infant beds) are not available ### Payment types at the property ## Important information ### You need to know This property is managed by a professional host. The provision of housing is linked to their trade, business or profession. Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on property policy Government-issued photo identification and a credit card, debit card or cash deposit may be required at check-in for incidental charges Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges; special requests cannot be guaranteed This property accepts credit cards and debit cards; cash is not accepted Safety features at this property include a fire extinguisher If you cancel your booking, you'll be subject to the host's cancellation policy. In accordance with UK consumer law, property booking services are not subject to the right of withdrawal. ### We should mention This property does not have any lifts This property caters to LGBTQ+ guests This property welcomes guests of all sexual orientations and gender identities (LGBTQ+ friendly) ### Property is also known as The Hosteller Kufri The Hosteller Kufri, Shimla Theog The Hosteller Kufri, Shimla Hostel/Backpacker accommodation ## Frequently asked questions ### Is The Hosteller Kufri, Shimla pet-friendly? ### How much does it cost to stay at The Hosteller Kufri, Shimla? ### How much is parking at The Hosteller Kufri, Shimla? ### What time is check-in at The Hosteller Kufri, Shimla? ### What time is check-out at The Hosteller Kufri, Shimla? ### Where is The Hosteller Kufri, Shimla located? ## Have a question? Beta Get instant answers with AI powered search of property information and reviews. Ask a question ## Reviews 9.2 ### Wonderful ### Expedia's Latest Trends ### Hotels > - [Solang Valley Resort](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Manali-Hotels-Solang-Valley-Resort.h3881293.Hotel-Information) > - [Hotels near Sondheim Theatre](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Sondheim-Theatre-Hotels.0-l6251258-0.Travel-Guide-Filter-Hotels) > - [Clarkes hotel, A grand heritage hotel since 1898](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Shimla-Hotels-Clarkes-Hotel.h4962.Hotel-Information) > - [Hotels with Parking in London City Centre](https://www.expedia.co.uk/London-City-Centre-London-Hotels-Hotel-With-Parking.0-n6195474-0-thotelwithparking.Travel-Guide-Filter-Hotels) > - [Atlantica Mikri Poli Rhodes - All Inclusive](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Rhodes-Hotels-Atlantica-Mikri-Poli-Rhodes-All-Inclusive.h1594742.Hotel-Information) > - [Hotel Snow Princess ](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Manali-Hotels-Hotel-Snow-Princess.h108138918.Hotel-Information) > - [Hotels in Beckington](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Beckington-Hotels.d6050299.Travel-Guide-Hotels) > - [Hotels with Connecting Rooms in Bedford](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Bedford-Hotels-Hotel-With-Connecting-Rooms.0-0-d4565-thotelwithconnectingrooms.Travel-Guide-Filter-Hotels) > - [Velvet 1-bedroom Apartment The Clockhouse, Hoddesdon](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hoddesdon-Hotels-Velvet-1-Bedroom-Apartment-The-Clockhouse.h53866224.Hotel-Information) > - [Manuallaya The Resort Spa in the Himalayas](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Manali-Hotels-Manuallaya-The-Resort-Spa-In-The-Himalayas.h2794324.Hotel-Information) > - [Hotels in Belmont](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Belmont-Perth-Hotels.0-n181715-0.Travel-Guide-Filter-Hotels) > - [Gites NORMANDY near Honfleur with Pool and Sauna](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Fatouville-Grestain-Hotels-Gites-In-Normandy-With-Swimming-Pool-And-Sauna-Near-Honfleur-8-Rooms.h33977509.Hotel-Information) > - [All-Inclusive Hotels in Suffolk](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Destinations-In-Suffolk-All-Inclusive-Hotel.0-0-d6046232-tAllInclusiveHotel.Hotel-Filter-Destinations) > - [Wildflower Hall, An Oberoi Resort, Shimla](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Shimla-Hotels-Wildflower-Hall.h902273.Hotel-Information) > - [Hotels near Porto de Mos Beach](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Porto-De-Mos-Beach-Hotels.0-l6081741-0.Travel-Guide-Filter-Hotels) ### Flights > - [Flights from Hounslow (LHR) to Abu Dhabi (AUH)](https://www.expedia.co.uk/lp/flights/lhr/auh/london-to-abu-dhabi) > - [Flights from Gatwick (LGW) to Prestwick (PIK)](https://www.expedia.co.uk/lp/flights/lgw/pik/london-to-glasgow) ### Cars > - [Centauro Destinations In Spain](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Centauro-Destinations-In-Spain.d166-c1015.Car-Rental-Destination-Suppliers) ### Activities ### Packages > - [Pitlochry Holidays](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Pitlochry.d4228.Holidays-City-Breaks) > - [Grosvenor Casino](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Grosvenor-Casino-Southampton-City-Centre.d553248621532491127.Attraction) > - [Uffington White Horse](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Uffington-White-Horse-Faringdon.d6092219.Attraction) ### General ---