Title: Hôtel BKBG Reviews, Deals & Photos 2026 - Expedia.co.uk [See all properties](http://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?regionId=&selected=37931214&adults=2&children=&sort=RECOMMENDED&useRewards=false&semdtl=&userIntent=&vip=false) # Hôtel BKBG Relax into seaside bliss with spa treatments and ocean views from the rooftop. Savor local flavors at one of three restaurants. ## Photo gallery for Hôtel BKBG ![View from property - Hôtel BKBG (Lomé)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/38000000/37940000/37931300/37931214/d092de7e.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=598&ra=fit) ![Bar (on property) - Hôtel BKBG (Lomé)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/38000000/37940000/37931300/37931214/211832d5.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) ![Front of property - Hôtel BKBG (Lomé)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/38000000/37940000/37931300/37931214/32a3f06c.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) ![Minibar, in-room safe, desk, soundproofing - Hôtel BKBG (Lomé)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/38000000/37940000/37931300/37931214/1a9a1df8.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) ![Outdoor pool, pool umbrellas, pool loungers - Hôtel BKBG (Lomé)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/38000000/37940000/37931300/37931214/96eefe71.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) - Overview - Rooms - Location - Policies Perched by the sea, Hôtel BKBG offers a tranquil retreat with 3 on-site restaurants serving local and international cuisine. Unwind at LAWOE SPA or relax by the rooftop terrace and outdoor pool, while taking advantage of shopping on site, free in-room WiFi, a coffee shop/cafe and concierge services. ## Reviews 6.0 ## Popular amenities - Pool - Breakfast included - Spa - Free airport shuttle - Parking included - Free Wi-Fi ## Room options ### Check availability for these dates Tonight [Feb 28 - Mar 1](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-28&endDate=2026-03-01&selected=37931214&PinnedHotelID=37931214&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-02-28&endDate=2026-03-01&selected=37931214&PinnedHotelID=37931214&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) Tomorrow [Mar 1 - Mar 2](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-01&endDate=2026-03-02&selected=37931214&PinnedHotelID=37931214&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-01&endDate=2026-03-02&selected=37931214&PinnedHotelID=37931214&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) This weekend [Mar 6 - Mar 8](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-06&endDate=2026-03-08&selected=37931214&PinnedHotelID=37931214&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-06&endDate=2026-03-08&selected=37931214&PinnedHotelID=37931214&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) Next weekend [Mar 13 - Mar 15](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-13&endDate=2026-03-15&selected=37931214&PinnedHotelID=37931214&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-13&endDate=2026-03-15&selected=37931214&PinnedHotelID=37931214&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) All rooms 2 beds 1 bed Showing 5 of 5 rooms ### View all photos for Premium Double Room ![Premium Double Room | Living area | 32-inch LED TV with satellite channels, TV](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/38000000/37940000/37931300/37931214/eed1bd45.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=1200&h=800&quality=medium) ### Premium Double Room ### Highlights Soundproofed Air conditioning LED TV 2 bedrooms Private bathroom Minibar Electric kettle Satellite channels - 2 bedrooms - Sleeps 4 - 2 Double Beds ### View all photos for Standard Room ![Standard Room | Minibar, in-room safe, desk, soundproofing](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/38000000/37940000/37931300/37931214/3bba2066.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=1200&h=800&quality=medium) ### Standard Room ### Highlights Soundproofed Air conditioning LED TV Private bathroom Minibar Electric kettle Satellite channels Desk - Sleeps 3 - 1 Double Bed ### View all photos for Double Room (Privilege) ![Double Room (Privilege) | Minibar, in-room safe, desk, soundproofing](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/38000000/37940000/37931300/37931214/174cd9da.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=1200&h=800&quality=medium) ### Double Room (Privilege) ### Highlights Soundproofed Air conditioning LED TV Private bathroom Minibar Electric kettle Satellite channels Desk - Sea view - Sleeps 2 - 1 Queen Bed ### View all photos for Senior Double Room ![Minibar, in-room safe, desk, soundproofing](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/38000000/37940000/37931300/37931214/774bdce2.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=1200&h=800&quality=medium) ### Senior Double Room ### Highlights Soundproofed Air conditioning LED TV Private bathroom Minibar Electric kettle Satellite channels Desk - Ocean view - Sleeps 3 - 1 Double Bed ### View all photos for Junior Room ![Junior Room | Minibar, in-room safe, desk, soundproofing](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/38000000/37940000/37931300/37931214/ad9c6dad.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=1200&h=800&quality=medium) ### Junior Room ### Highlights Soundproofed Air conditioning LED TV Separate bedroom Private bathroom Minibar Electric kettle Satellite channels - City view - 1 bedroom - Sleeps 2 - 1 Double Bed ![Mod logo](https://a.travel-assets.com/pricing-claim/sparkle_dark.svg) Sign in to view eligible discounts and perks. More rewards for more adventures! [Sign in](https://www.expedia.co.uk/login?ckoflag=0&uurl=e3id%3Dredr%26rurl%3D%2FLome-Hotels-Hotel-BKBG.h37931214.Hotel-Information)[Sign up, it's free](https://www.expedia.co.uk/signup?enable_registration=true&uurl=e3id%3Dredr%26rurl%3D%2FLome-Hotels-Hotel-BKBG.h37931214.Hotel-Information) ## About the area Located in Lomé, Hôtel BKBG is by the sea. Marché des Féticheurs and Grand Marche are worth checking out if shopping is on the agenda, while those wishing to experience the area's natural beauty can explore Lome Beach and Haho River. Discover the area's water adventures with nearby fishing, or enjoy the great outdoors with horse riding. [Visit our Lomé travel guide](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Lome.dx2057) ![Map](https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?&size=660x330&map_id=3b266eb50d2997c6&zoom=13&markers=icon:https%3A%2F%2Fa.travel-assets.com%2Ftravel-assets-manager%2Feg-maps%2Fproperty.png%7C6.16632%2C1.33600&channel=expedia-HotelInformation&maptype=roadmap&scale=1&key=AIzaSyCYjQus5kCufOpSj932jFoR_AJiL9yiwOw&signature=Y2vA_kjvBtZbAl2SpTZHL813kqo=) Boulevard du Mono, Quartier Baguida - 01 BP 247, Lomé, Maritime Region ### What's nearby - Marché des Féticheurs 11 min drive \- 6.7 miles - Lome Beach 12 min drive \- 9.5 miles - Grand Marche 14 min drive \- 10.3 miles - Togo National Museum 15 min drive \- 11.2 miles - Independence Monument 15 min drive \- 11.2 miles ### Getting around - Lome (LFW-Gnassingbe Eyadema Intl.) 27 min drive ### Restaurants - Edimess 9 min drive - Blue Turtle Bay 10 min drive - Coin De Mer 15 min walk - Pure Plage 4 min drive - Alt Munchen 7 min drive ## About this property ### Hôtel BKBG Hotel by the sea You can look forward to free continental breakfast, a free return airport shuttle and a rooftop terrace at Hôtel BKBG. Treat yourself to a massage, a manicure/pedicure or a body treatment at Lawoe Spa, the on-site spa. At the 3 on-site restaurants, enjoy breakfast, lunch, dinner and local and international cuisine. In addition to shopping on-site and a coffee shop/cafe, guests can connect to free in-room WiFi. Additional perks include: - An outdoor pool and a children's pool, along with sunloungers and pool umbrellas - Free self-parking - A lift, a 24-hour front desk and a banquet hall - Barbecues, outdoor furniture and a TV in reception Room features All guest rooms at Hôtel BKBG boast thoughtful touches, such as air conditioning, as well as amenities, such as free WiFi and safes. Other conveniences in all rooms include: - Bathrooms with baths or showers and soap - 32-inch LED TVs with satellite channels - Electric kettles, daily housekeeping and desks ## Similar properties ![Reception](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/110000000/109720000/109712300/109712201/6a122294.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Airport inn Hotel Lome Lomé - Parking included - Free Wi-Fi - Breakfast available - Bar 8.6 Excellent 24 reviews £24 includes taxes & fees 2 Mar - 3 Mar [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-02&endDate=2026-03-03&selected=109712201&PinnedHotelID=109712201&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![3 restaurants, breakfast, lunch, dinner served; international cuisine ](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/33000000/32710000/32707000/32706974/4c7b0cb6.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Hotel Petit Brussel Lomé - On private beach - Pool - Spa - Free airport shuttle 9.2 Wonderful 32 reviews £85 includes taxes & fees 20 Mar - 21 Mar [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-20&endDate=2026-03-21&selected=32706974&PinnedHotelID=32706974&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Interior](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/93000000/92540000/92536800/92536788/695a6b74.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Hotel LE PELICAN Lomé - Pool - Breakfast included - Free airport shuttle - Parking included 7.2 Good 9 reviews [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-14&endDate=2026-03-15&selected=92536788&PinnedHotelID=92536788&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Luxury Suite | City view](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/24000000/23570000/23570000/23569943/43cd2062.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Bravia Eco Hotels Lomé - Breakfast included - Free airport shuttle - Parking included - Free Wi-Fi 7.8 Good 10 reviews [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-14&endDate=2026-03-15&selected=23569943&PinnedHotelID=23569943&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Children’s activities](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/18000000/17530000/17524200/17524167/7a298741.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Hotel GHIS Palace Lomé - Pool - Free airport shuttle - Kids’ pool - Parking included 7.2 Good 7 reviews [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-14&endDate=2026-03-15&selected=17524167&PinnedHotelID=17524167&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Outdoor pool, open 7:00 AM to 7:00 PM, pool umbrellas, pool loungers](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/14000000/13280000/13270500/13270416/defadf1e.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Onomo Hotel Lome Lomé - Pool - Free airport shuttle - Pet-friendly - Parking included 8.2 Very good 245 reviews £80 includes taxes & fees 15 Mar - 16 Mar [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-15&endDate=2026-03-16&selected=13270416&PinnedHotelID=13270416&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Restaurant](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/39000000/38700000/38692900/38692821/3829dd8f.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Grace Lodge Lomé - Breakfast included - Parking included - Free Wi-Fi - Restaurant 9.0 Wonderful 22 reviews [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-14&endDate=2026-03-15&selected=38692821&PinnedHotelID=38692821&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Breakfast, lunch, dinner served; local cuisine, beach views ](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/13000000/12550000/12543900/12543807/e612cc86.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Hôtel Résidence Madiba Lomé - Pool - Parking included - Free Wi-Fi - Restaurant 7.6 Good 26 reviews [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-14&endDate=2026-03-15&selected=12543807&PinnedHotelID=12543807&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Front of property](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/13000000/12520000/12520000/12519969/5f6db33d.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### New Robinson Plage Lomé - On private beach - Pool - Pet-friendly - Kids’ pool 8.8 Excellent 71 reviews £38 includes taxes & fees 14 Mar - 15 Mar [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-14&endDate=2026-03-15&selected=12519969&PinnedHotelID=12519969&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Aerial view](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/49000000/48450000/48440900/48440873/4e0589cb.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Marcelo Beach Club Lomé - On private beach - Pool - Breakfast included - Free airport shuttle 8.2 Very good 20 reviews £97 includes taxes & fees 1 Mar - 2 Mar [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-01&endDate=2026-03-02&selected=48440873&PinnedHotelID=48440873&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [Compare similar properties](/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-03-14&endDate=2026-03-15&selected=37931214&PinnedHotelID=37931214&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2&comparePropertyIds=37931214,109712201,32706974,92536788,23569943) ## Property amenities ### Internet - Available in all rooms: Free WiFi - Available in some public areas: Free WiFi ### Parking and transport - 24-hour free return airport shuttle on request - Free self parking on site - Limited on-site self parking ### Food and drink - Free continental breakfast available daily 6:00 AM to 10:00 AM - 3 restaurants - A bar/lounge - A coffee shop/cafe - Snack bar/deli ### Things to do - 24-hour gym - Billiards/pool table - Children's pool - Full-service spa - Outdoor pool - Playground - Sauna - Shopping - TV in common areas ### Family friendly - Children's pool - Laundry facilities - Outdoor pool - Playground - Snack bar/deli - Soundproofed rooms ### Conveniences - 24-hour front desk - Hair salon - Laundry facilities - Luggage storage - Safe at front desk ### Guest services - Concierge services - Dry cleaning/laundry service - Housekeeping (daily) - Multilingual staff - Tour and ticket assistance ### Business services - 2 meeting rooms - Business centre - Conference centre ### Outdoors - Barbecue grill - Garden - Outdoor furniture - Pool loungers - Pool umbrellas - Rooftop terrace ### Full-service spa - Body scrubs - Body wraps - Deep-tissue massages - Facials - Hot tub - Manicures/pedicures - Sauna - Spa open daily - Sports massages - Steam room - Turkish bath ### Accessibility - If you have requests for specific accessibility needs, please contact the property using the information on the reservation confirmation received after booking. - Lift - Wheelchair accessible (may have limitations) - Wheelchair-accessible registration desk ### More - Banquet hall - Designated smoking areas ## Room amenities ### Bedroom - Bedsheets provided ### Bathroom - Bathtub or shower - Private bathroom - Soap - Toilet paper - Towels provided ### Entertainment - 32-inch LED TV with satellite channels ### Food and drink - Electric kettle - Limited room service - Minibar ### More - Air conditioning - Desk - Phone - Safe - Soundproofed rooms ## Policies ### Check-in Check-in start time: noon; check-in end time: midnight Contactless check-in and check-out are available Late check-in subject to availability Minimum check-in age - 18 ### Check-out Check-out before noon Contactless check-out ### Special check-in instructions This property offers transfers from the airport; to arrange pick-up, guests must contact the property 24 hours prior to arrival, using the contact information on the booking confirmation Guests must contact the property in advance for check-in instructions; front desk staff will greet guests on arrival at the property To make arrangements for check-in please contact the property ahead of time using the information on the booking confirmation If you are planning to arrive after midnight please contact the property in advance using the information on the booking confirmation Information provided by the property may be translated using automated translation tools ### Access methods Staffed front desk ### Pets Pets not allowed ### Children and extra beds Children are welcome Rollaway/extra beds are not available. Cots (infant beds) are available for EUR 8.0 per night ### Payment types at the property ## Important information ### Optional extras - Crib (infant bed) fee: EUR 8.0 per night The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change. ### You need to know This property is managed by a professional host. The provision of housing is linked to their trade, business or profession. Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on property policy Government-issued photo identification and a credit card, debit card or cash deposit may be required at check-in for incidental charges Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges; special requests cannot be guaranteed This property accepts credit cards and cash Cashless transactions are available Safety features at this property include a carbon monoxide detector, a fire extinguisher, a smoke detector, a security system, a first aid kit and window guards If you cancel your booking, you'll be subject to the host's cancellation policy. In accordance with UK consumer law, property booking services are not subject to the right of withdrawal. ### We should mention Only registered guests are allowed in the guestrooms ### Property is also known as Hôtel BKBG Lomé Hôtel BKBG Hotel Hôtel BKBG Hotel Lomé ## Frequently asked questions ### Does Hôtel BKBG have a pool? ### Is Hôtel BKBG pet-friendly? ### How much is parking at Hôtel BKBG? ### What time is check-in at Hôtel BKBG? ### What time is check-out at Hôtel BKBG? ### Does Hôtel BKBG provide a shuttle to the airport? ### Where is Hôtel BKBG located? ## Have a question? Beta Get instant answers with AI powered search of property information and reviews. Ask a question ## Reviews ## Hôtel BKBG Reviews 6.0 All reviews shown are from real guest experiences. Only travellers who have booked a stay with us can submit a review. We verify reviews according to our guidelines and publish all reviews, positive or negative.[More information](https://www.expedia.co.uk/lp/b/content-guidelines) ### 2.0 Property conditions & facilities 10 - Excellent 0 8 - Good 0 6 - Okay 2 4 - Poor 0 2 - Terrible 0 ## Reviews ### 6/10 Okay #### reginald 17 Jan 2023 Disliked: Property conditions & facilities ##### reginald Stayed 3 nights in Jan 2023 ### 6/10 Okay #### Verified traveller 7 Jun 2021 ##### Verified traveller Stayed 8 nights in May 2021 ## Expedia's Latest Trends ### Hotels > [Eden Park Motel](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Auckland-Hotels-Asure-At-Eden-Park.h4517008.Hotel-Information) > > [The Bookbinders Residence Leeds City Centre](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Leeds-Hotels-The-Bookbinders-Residence-Leeds.h46136748.Hotel-Information) > > [Hotels near The Customs House](https://www.expedia.co.uk/The-Customs-House-Hotels.0-l553248621532494473-0.Travel-Guide-Filter-Hotels) > > [Peake's Retreats](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Burton-On-Trent-Hotels-Peakes-Retreats.h29748809.Hotel-Information) > > [Le Saint Tropez](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Kidoti-Hotels-Le-Saint-Tropez.h112521876.Hotel-Information) > > [Hotels in Venice](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Venice-Hotels.d179981.Travel-Guide-Hotels) > > [Adahan DeCamondo Pera, Autograph Collection](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Istanbul-Hotels-Exe-Adahan-Galata.h5307905.Hotel-Information) > > [Hotels near Enchanted Place - Winnie the Pooh](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Enchanted-Place-Winnie-The-Pooh-Hotels.0-l6081179-0.Travel-Guide-Filter-Hotels) > > [Hotel Petit Brussel](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Lome-Hotels-Hotel-Petit-Brussel.h32706974.Hotel-Information) > > [Hotels with Pool in Bishop's Stortford](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Bishops-Stortford-Hotels-Hotels-With-Pool.0-0-d4572-tHotelswithPool.Travel-Guide-Filter-Hotels) > > [Hotels near Margate Beach](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Margate-Beach-Hotels.0-l6091939-0.Travel-Guide-Filter-Hotels) > > [4 Star Hotels in Vik I Myrdal](https://www.expedia.co.uk/4Star-Vik-I-Myrdal-Hotels.s40-0-d6130429.Travel-Guide-Filter-Hotels) > > [Hotels near Covent Garden Market](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Covent-Garden-Market-Hotels.0-l501544-0.Travel-Guide-Filter-Hotels) > > [Hotels in Droitwich](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Droitwich-Hotels.d182512.Travel-Guide-Hotels) > > [Caravan Parks Saddleworth](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Saddleworth-Caravan-Parks.d6340729-aaCaravanParks.Travel-Guide-Accommodation) > > [Spa Hotels in Jalandhar](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Jalandhar-Hotels-Spa-Hotels.0-0-d6126245-tSpaHotels.Travel-Guide-Filter-Hotels) > > [Luxury Log Cabin in the Woods on Skaneateles Lake](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Syracuse-Hotels-Luxury-Log-Cabin-In-The-Woods-On-Skaneateles-Lake.h24040248.Hotel-Information) ### Flights > [Flights from London (LON-All Airports) to Pristina (PRN-Pristina Intl.)](https://www.expedia.co.uk/lp/flights/lon/prn/london-to-pristina) > > [Flights from Northampton](https://www.expedia.co.uk/lp/flights/9244/flights-from-northampton) > > [Icelandair Suðurnesjabær (KEF) to SeaTac (SEA) flights](https://www.expedia.co.uk/lp/flight-routes/icelandair-from-keflavik-intl-to-seattle-tacoma-intl/fi/kef/sea) ### Cars > [Car hire in Notting Hill](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Compare-Cheap-Car-Hire-In-Notting-Hill.d601720.Car-Hire-Guide) ### Activities > [Things to do in Skaleta](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Things-To-Do-In-Skaleta.d3000030226.Travel-Guide-Activities) ### Packages > [Europe](https://www.expedia.co.uk/lp/theme-holidays/spa-holidays/6022967/Europe) > > [Tufs Ski Lift](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Tufs-Ski-Lift-Tignes.d553248621561164871.Attraction) > > [Dunluce Castle](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Dunluce-Castle-Bushmills.d6086623.Attraction) ---