Title: Central Hotel & Residence Reviews, Deals & Photos 2026 - Expedia.co.uk [See all properties](http://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?regionId=1970&destination=Gwangju%2C+South+Korea&selected=107039738&adults=2&children=&sort=RECOMMENDED&useRewards=false&semdtl=&userIntent=&vip=false) # Central Hotel & Residence ## Photo gallery for Central Hotel & Residence ![Interior - Central Hotel & Residence (Gwangju)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/108000000/107040000/107039800/107039738/25c4ae6e.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=598&ra=fit) ![Exterior - Central Hotel & Residence (Gwangju)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/108000000/107040000/107039800/107039738/39257103.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) ![Free WiFi, bed sheets - Central Hotel & Residence (Gwangju)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/108000000/107040000/107039800/107039738/99501923.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) ![Daily buffet breakfast (KRW 10000 per person) - Central Hotel & Residence (Gwangju)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/108000000/107040000/107039800/107039738/e28002fe.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) ![Premium Double Room | Terrace/patio - Central Hotel & Residence (Gwangju)](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/108000000/107040000/107039800/107039738/90562f27.jpg?impolicy=resizecrop&rw=297&ra=fit) - Overview - Rooms - Location - Policies Located in Seo-Gu, Central Hotel & Residence offers a comfortable retreat with a restaurant and high-speed WiFi. Enjoy convenient luggage storage and attentive staff available 24/7 to assist with any needs. ## Reviews 8.0 Very good ## Popular amenities - Parking included - Free Wi-Fi - Restaurant - Air-conditioning - Breakfast available - Housekeeping ## Room options ### Check availability for these dates Tonight [Apr 9 - Apr 10](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-09&endDate=2026-04-10&selected=107039738&PinnedHotelID=107039738&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-09&endDate=2026-04-10&selected=107039738&PinnedHotelID=107039738&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) Tomorrow [Apr 10 - Apr 11](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-10&endDate=2026-04-11&selected=107039738&PinnedHotelID=107039738&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-10&endDate=2026-04-11&selected=107039738&PinnedHotelID=107039738&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) This weekend [Apr 10 - Apr 12](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-10&endDate=2026-04-12&selected=107039738&PinnedHotelID=107039738&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-10&endDate=2026-04-12&selected=107039738&PinnedHotelID=107039738&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) Next weekend [Apr 17 - Apr 19](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-17&endDate=2026-04-19&selected=107039738&PinnedHotelID=107039738&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-17&endDate=2026-04-19&selected=107039738&PinnedHotelID=107039738&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) All rooms 1 bed 2 beds City view Showing 5 of 5 rooms ### View all photos for Deluxe Double Room ![Free WiFi, bed sheets](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/108000000/107040000/107039800/107039738/5d2e7c29.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=1200&h=800&quality=medium) ### Deluxe Double Room - City view - Sleeps 2 - 1 Double Bed ### View all photos for Premium Double Room ![Free WiFi, bed sheets](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/108000000/107040000/107039800/107039738/b69aa671.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=1200&h=800&quality=medium) ### Premium Double Room - City view - Sleeps 2 - 1 Double Bed ### View all photos for Standard Twin Room ![Standard Twin Room | Free WiFi, bed sheets](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/108000000/107040000/107039800/107039738/45464717.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=1200&h=800&quality=medium) ### Standard Twin Room - City view - Sleeps 2 - 1 Single Bed and 1 Large Single Bed ### View all photos for Deluxe Twin Room ![Deluxe Twin Room | Free WiFi, bed sheets](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/108000000/107040000/107039800/107039738/75987ac7.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=1200&h=800&quality=medium) ### Deluxe Twin Room - Sleeps 3 - 1 Single Bed and 1 Double Bed ### View all photos for Family Triple Room ![Family Triple Room | Free WiFi, bed sheets](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/108000000/107040000/107039800/107039738/a8ab1c92.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=1200&h=800&quality=medium) ### Family Triple Room - City view - Sleeps 4 - 1 Single Bed and 1 Double Bed OR 1 Single Bed ![Mod logo](https://a.travel-assets.com/pricing-claim/sparkle_dark.svg) Sign in to view eligible discounts and perks. More rewards for more adventures! [Sign in](https://www.expedia.co.uk/login?ckoflag=0&uurl=e3id%3Dredr%26rurl%3D%2FGwangju-Hotels-Central-Hotel-Residence.h107039738.Hotel-Information)[Sign up, it's free](https://www.expedia.co.uk/signup?enable_registration=true&uurl=e3id%3Dredr%26rurl%3D%2FGwangju-Hotels-Central-Hotel-Residence.h107039738.Hotel-Information) ## About the area Located in Seo-Gu, a neighbourhood in Gwangju, Central Hotel & Residence is near a metro station. Missionary's House of Wilson and House of Choi Seung-hyo are local landmarks, and the area's natural beauty can be seen at Mudeungsan National Park and Gwangjuho Lake Eco Park. Gwangju Student Education & Culture Center and May 18th Memorial Cultural Center are also worth visiting. [Visit our Gwangju travel guide](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Gwangju.dx1970) ![Map](https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?&size=660x330&map_id=3b266eb50d2997c6&zoom=13&markers=icon:https%3A%2F%2Fa.travel-assets.com%2Ftravel-assets-manager%2Feg-maps%2Fproperty.png%7C35.15009%2C126.85217&channel=expedia-HotelInformation&maptype=roadmap&scale=1&key=AIzaSyCYjQus5kCufOpSj932jFoR_AJiL9yiwOw&signature=aG8hCu7rHsN-RddkeuerOd68mhQ=) 4, Sicheong-ro 20beon-gil, Seo-gu, Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, 61964 ### What's nearby - Uncheon Reservoir 3 min walk \- 0.2 miles - 5-18 Memorial Park 4 min walk \- 0.3 miles - Gwangju Student Education & Culture Center 12 min walk \- 0.7 miles - May 18th Memorial Cultural Center 15 min walk \- 0.8 miles - Kimdaejoong Convention Center 16 min walk \- 0.9 miles ### Getting around - Sangmu Station 8 min walk - Gwangju Songjeon Station 13 min drive - Gwangju (KWJ-Gwangju Intl.) 11 min drive ### Restaurants - 한국관 2 min walk - 미풍해장국 1 min walk - 에머이 3 min walk - 종가집설렁탕 1 min walk - 삼대나주곰탕황순옥 3 min walk ## About this property ### Central Hotel & Residence Hotel located in Seo-Gu Central Hotel & Residence provides a restaurant and more. Stay connected with free in-room WiFi. You'll also enjoy perks such as: - Free self-parking - Buffet breakfast (surcharge), luggage storage and smoke-free property - A 24-hour front desk and ATM/banking services Room features All 620 rooms include comforts such as heated floors and air conditioning, as well as thoughtful touches such as free WiFi and free bottled water. More amenities include: - 50-inch TVs with Netflix, streaming services and cable channels - Heated floors, heating and daily housekeeping ## Similar properties ![Private spa tub](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/56000000/55420000/55411800/55411773/66be9182.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### UTOP Boutique Hotel & Residence Seo-Gu - Free Wi-Fi - Air-conditioning - Breakfast available - Parking available 8.8 Excellent 1,004 reviews £49 includes taxes & fees 28 Apr - 29 Apr [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-28&endDate=2026-04-29&selected=55411773&PinnedHotelID=55411773&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Indoor pool, open 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM, pool loungers](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/5000000/4150000/4143400/4143345/a563ab84.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Holiday Inn Gwangju by IHG Seo-Gu - Pool - Parking included - Free Wi-Fi - Restaurant 9.0 Wonderful 1,006 reviews £73 includes taxes & fees 10 May - 11 May [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-05-10&endDate=2026-05-11&selected=4143345&PinnedHotelID=4143345&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Premium Ondol Room | Premium bedding, in-room safe, blackout curtains, free WiFi](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/62000000/61100000/61090400/61090351/671f6b3b.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### CS Hotel Seo-Gu - Parking included - Free Wi-Fi - Restaurant - Air-conditioning 9.4 Exceptional 665 reviews £34 includes taxes & fees 12 Apr - 13 Apr [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-12&endDate=2026-04-13&selected=61090351&PinnedHotelID=61090351&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Lobby lounge](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/16000000/15150000/15148200/15148128/db4181e3.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Hotel Stay 53 Seo-Gu - Parking included - Free Wi-Fi - Air-conditioning - Breakfast available 8.4 Very good 302 reviews £33 includes taxes & fees 27 Apr - 28 Apr [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-27&endDate=2026-04-28&selected=15148128&PinnedHotelID=15148128&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Standard Double Room | In-room safe, soundproofing, free WiFi, bed sheets](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/17000000/16260000/16256900/16256881/3c5e53be.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Dubai Hotel Gwangju Seo-Gu - Parking included - Free Wi-Fi - Air-conditioning - Breakfast available 9.2 Wonderful 453 reviews £49 includes taxes & fees 27 Apr - 28 Apr [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-27&endDate=2026-04-28&selected=16256881&PinnedHotelID=16256881&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Premium Double Room (A, Styler, Free Netflix) | Premium bedding, memory-foam beds, laptop workspace, blackout curtains](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/25000000/24010000/24000800/24000764/76ad785b.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Hound Hotel Sangmu Seo-Gu - Parking included - Free Wi-Fi - Air-conditioning - Breakfast available 9.2 Wonderful 167 reviews £42 includes taxes & fees 26 Apr - 27 Apr [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-26&endDate=2026-04-27&selected=24000764&PinnedHotelID=24000764&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Front of property – evening/night](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/13000000/12290000/12281200/12281163/d31293d0.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Hotel B Seo-Gu - Parking included - Free Wi-Fi - Air-conditioning - Breakfast available 8.8 Excellent 428 reviews £42 includes taxes & fees 11 Apr - 12 Apr [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-11&endDate=2026-04-12&selected=12281163&PinnedHotelID=12281163&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Porch](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/13000000/12740000/12736500/12736401/05f196dc.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Hotel The May Seo-Gu - Free Wi-Fi - Restaurant - Air-conditioning - Business services 8.6 Excellent 213 reviews £29 includes taxes & fees 1 May - 2 May [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-05-01&endDate=2026-05-02&selected=12736401&PinnedHotelID=12736401&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![View from property](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/13000000/12610000/12608700/12608668/bd11b5c4.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### Boutique Hotel Wine Seo-Gu - Parking included - Free Wi-Fi - Air-conditioning - Housekeeping 8.2 Very good 118 reviews £39 includes taxes & fees 27 Apr - 28 Apr [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-27&endDate=2026-04-28&selected=12608668&PinnedHotelID=12608668&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) ![Front of property](https://images.trvl-media.com/lodging/109000000/108500000/108499600/108499545/bb5793f3.jpg?impolicy=fcrop&w=469&h=201&p=1&q=medium) ### H-AVENUE Hotel Gwangju Cheomdan Gwangsan-gu - Breakfast included - Parking included - Free Wi-Fi - Air-conditioning 9.2 Wonderful 31 reviews £40 includes taxes & fees 20 Apr - 21 Apr [](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-20&endDate=2026-04-21&selected=108499545&PinnedHotelID=108499545&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2) [Compare similar properties](/Hotel-Search?startDate=2026-04-23&endDate=2026-04-24&selected=107039738&PinnedHotelID=107039738&HadPinnedHotel=true®ionId=-1&adults=2&comparePropertyIds=107039738,55411773,4143345,61090351,15148128) ## Property amenities ### Internet - Available in all rooms: Free WiFi and wired internet - In-room WiFi speed: 100+ Mbps (good for 1–2 people or up to 6 devices) - Available in some public areas: Free WiFi and wired internet ### Parking and transport - Height restrictions apply for on-site parking - Free covered self parking on site - Limited number of on-site self parking spaces per unit ### Food and drink - Daily buffet breakfast available 7:00 AM to 9:00 AM for a fee: KRW 10,000 for adults and KRW 10,000 for children - A restaurant ### Conveniences - 24-hour front desk - ATM - Luggage storage ### Guest services - Change of bedsheets (on request) - Change of towels on request - Housekeeping (daily) ### Accessibility - No lift ### More - Smoke-free property ## Room amenities ### Bedroom - Bedsheets provided ### Bathroom - Towels provided ### Entertainment - 50-inch TV with cable channels - Netflix - Streaming services ### Food and drink - Free bottled water ### More - Air conditioning - Heated floor - Heating (climate-controlled) ## Policies ### Check-in Check-in start time: 3:00 PM; check-in end time: anytime Minimum check-in age - 19 ### Check-out Check-out before 11:00 AM ### Special check-in instructions Front desk staff will greet guests on arrival at the property Information provided by the property may be translated using automated translation tools ### Access methods Staffed front desk ### Pets Pets not allowed ### Children and extra beds Children are welcome Rollaway/extra beds are not available. Cots (infant beds) are not available ## Important information ### Optional extras - Fee for buffet breakfast: from approximately KRW 10000 for adults and from KRW 10000 for children The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change. ### You need to know This property is managed by a professional host. The provision of housing is linked to their trade, business or profession. Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on property policy Government-issued photo identification and a credit card, debit card or cash deposit may be required at check-in for incidental charges Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges; special requests cannot be guaranteed This property accepts debit cards and cash If you cancel your booking, you'll be subject to the host's cancellation policy. In accordance with UK consumer law, property booking services are not subject to the right of withdrawal. ### We should mention This property does not have any lifts Parking height restrictions apply ### National rating Property class, provided by our rating system, is based on property type, amenities and services. ### Property is also known as Central & Residence Gwangju Central Hotel & Residence Hotel Central Hotel & Residence GwangJu Central Hotel & Residence Hotel GwangJu ## Frequently asked questions ### Is Central Hotel & Residence pet-friendly? ### How much is parking at Central Hotel & Residence? ### What time is check-in at Central Hotel & Residence? ### What time is check-out at Central Hotel & Residence? ### Where is Central Hotel & Residence located? ### Can I cancel my reservation for free and receive a full refund? ## Have a question? Beta Get instant answers with AI powered search of property information and reviews. Ask a question ## Reviews ## Central Hotel & Residence Reviews 8.0 ### Very good All reviews shown are from real guest experiences. Only travellers who have booked a stay with us can submit a review. We verify reviews according to our guidelines and publish all reviews, positive or negative.[More information](https://www.expedia.co.uk/lp/b/content-guidelines) ### 10 Cleanliness ### 10 Amenities ### 10 Staff & service ### 10 Property conditions & facilities 10 - Excellent 5 8 - Good 0 6 - Okay 0 4 - Poor 1 2 - Terrible 1 ## Reviews Verified ### 4/10 Poor #### hyungbae 4 Jun 2025 ##### hyungbae Stayed 1 night in Apr 2025 Verified ### 10/10 Excellent #### CHAN YOUNG 23 Dec 2024 ##### CHAN YOUNG Stayed 1 night in Aug 2024 Verified ### 10/10 Excellent #### SEUNGIL 4 Oct 2024 Liked: Cleanliness, staff & service, property conditions & facilities, room comfort ##### SEUNGIL Stayed 1 night in Oct 2024 Verified ### 10/10 Excellent #### hoseok 24 Sept 2024 Liked: Cleanliness, staff & service, amenities, property conditions & facilities ##### hoseok Stayed 1 night in Sep 2024 Verified ### 10/10 Excellent #### Jang 6 Sept 2024 ##### Jang Stayed 1 night in Aug 2024 Verified ### 10/10 Excellent #### HYEONGKYU 26 Aug 2024 ##### HYEONGKYU Stayed 1 night in Aug 2024 Verified ### 2/10 Terrible #### youngil 22 Aug 2024 ##### youngil Stayed 1 night in Aug 2024 ### Expedia's Latest Trends ### Hotels > - [Hotel Adela](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Busan-Hotels-MIDI-Hotel-Busan.h20941687.Hotel-Information) > - [Four Points by Sheraton Josun, Seoul Myeongdong](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Seoul-Hotels-Four-Points-By-Sheraton-Seoul.h59029424.Hotel-Information) > - [Sotetsu Hotels The Splaisir Seoul Myeongdong](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Seoul-Hotels-Sotetsu-Hotels-The-Splaisir-Seoul-Myeong-Dong.h15528590.Hotel-Information) > - [Hotel 1](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Busan-Hotels-Hotel-1.h18981805.Hotel-Information) > - [meomoom](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Daegu-Hotels-Meomoom.h107280854.Hotel-Information) > - [Hotel Kukdo](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Seoul-Hotels-Best-Western-Premier-Hotel-Kukdo.h1639731.Hotel-Information) > - [THE CAPSULE Myeongdong](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Seoul-Hotels-THE-CAPSULE-Myeongdong-Hostel.h35768650.Hotel-Information) > - [L7 HAEUNDAE by LOTTE HOTELS](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Busan-Hotels-L7-HAEUNDAE-By-LOTTE.h103196381.Hotel-Information) > - [Cocoa Guesthouse](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Seoul-Hotels-Cocoa-Guesthouse.h10465864.Hotel-Information) > - [Incheon Airport Transit Hotel - Terminal 2](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Incheon-Hotels-Incheon-Airport-Transit-Hotel.h21592487.Hotel-Information) > - [UH Suite The Haendae](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Busan-Hotels-UHSUITE-THE-HAEUNDAE.h70406932.Hotel-Information) > - [Lotte Hotel World](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Seoul-Hotels-Lotte-Hotel-World.h2342.Hotel-Information) > - [L’Escape, a Luxury Collection Hotel, Seoul Myeongdong](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Seoul-Hotels-LEscape.h27247920.Hotel-Information) > - [Localstitch Creator Town Seogyo](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Incheon-Hotels-Localstitch-Seogyotown.h96080481.Hotel-Information) > - [WECOSTAY Gangnam](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Seoul-Hotels-WECOSTAY-Gangnam.h103830611.Hotel-Information) > - [Felix by STX Hotel & Suite](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Busan-Hotels-Felix-Hotel-By-STX.h55025679.Hotel-Information) > - [N285 Hotel Insadong](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Seoul-Hotels-N285HOTEL-INSADONG.h88430378.Hotel-Information) > - [Handpicked Hotel & Collections](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Seoul-Hotels-Handpicked-Hotel-Collections.h13168693.Hotel-Information) > - [Starhills Hotel](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Seoul-Hotels-Hotel-Irene.h4225051.Hotel-Information) > - [ibis Styles Ambassador Incheon Airport T2](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Incheon-Hotels-Ibis-Styles-Ambassador-Incheon-Airport.h88264339.Hotel-Information) > - [Sofitel Ambassador Seoul Hotel & Serviced Residences](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Seoul-Hotels-Sofitel-Ambassador-Seoul-Hotel.h68892200.Hotel-Information) > - [Staz Hotel Myeongdong 2](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Seoul-Hotels-STAZ-Hotel-Myeongdong-II.h9315378.Hotel-Information) > - [UH Suite The Myeongdong](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Seoul-Hotels-UH-Suite-The-Myeongdong.h69729254.Hotel-Information) > - [Naru Guesthouse](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Seoul-Hotels-Naru-Guesthouse.h19153501.Hotel-Information) > - [Seoul View Guest House](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Seoul-Hotels-SeoulView-Guest-House.h101495128.Hotel-Information) > - [UH Suite The Jongno](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Seoul-Hotels-UHSuite-Apartment-Myeongdong.h43358413.Hotel-Information) > - [Incheon Airport Transit Hotel - Terminal 1](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Incheon-Hotels-Incheon-Airport-Transit-Hotel.h6282314.Hotel-Information) > - [The Westin Seoul Parnas](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Seoul-Hotels-The-Westin-Seoul-Parnas.h424942.Hotel-Information) > - [NINE TREE BY PARNAS SEOUL INSADONG](https://www.expedia.co.uk/Seoul-Hotels-Nine-Tree-Hotel-III.h39152224.Hotel-Information) ---