Montagna Fiorentina sits along the valleys of the Comano and Sieve rivers. Vineyards and olive groves populate the hilly part of the region, while mountains and forests make up the territory's southern and northern parts. The community offers numerous protected natural areas, including the Parco Nazionale delle Foreste Casentinesi and the Riserva Biogenetica Naturale della Foresta di Vallombrosa.
